tweaks to style
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1 changed files with 54 additions and 56 deletions
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@ -9,38 +9,37 @@ Werkzeug is a toolkit for WSGI, the standard Python interface between web
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applications and a variety of servers for both development and deployment.
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Jinja2 renders templates.
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So how do you get all that on your computer quickly? There are many ways,
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as this section will explain, but the most kick-ass method is
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virtualenv, so let's look at that first.
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So how do you get all that on your computer quickly? There are many ways you
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could do that, but the most kick-ass method is virtualenv, so let's have a look
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at that first.
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Either way, you will need Python 2.5 or higher to get started, so be sure
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to have an up to date Python 2.x installation. At the time of writing,
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the WSGI specification is not yet finalized for Python 3, so Flask cannot
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support the 3.x series of Python.
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You will need Python 2.5 or higher to get started, so be sure to have an
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up-to-date Python 2.x installation. At the time of writing, the WSGI
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specification has not yet been finalized for Python 3, so Flask cannot support
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the 3.x series of Python.
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.. _virtualenv:
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virtualenv
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----------
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Virtualenv is probably what you want to use during development, and in
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production too if you have shell access there.
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Virtualenv is probably what you want to use during development, and if you have
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shell access to your production machines, you'll probably want to use it there,
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too.
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What problem does virtualenv solve? If you like Python as I do,
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chances are you want to use it for other projects besides Flask-based
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web applications. But the more projects you have, the more likely it is
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that you will be working with different versions of Python itself, or at
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least different versions of Python libraries. Let's face it; quite often
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libraries break backwards compatibility, and it's unlikely that any serious
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application will have zero dependencies. So what do you do if two or more
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of your projects have conflicting dependencies?
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What problem does virtualenv solve? If you like Python as much as I do,
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chances are you want to use it for other projects besides Flask-based web
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applications. But the more projects you have, the more likely it is that you
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will be working with different versions of Python itself, or at least different
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versions of Python libraries. Let's face it: quite often libraries break
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backwards compatibility, and it's unlikely that any serious application will
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have zero dependencies. So what do you do if two or more of your projects have
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conflicting dependencies?
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Virtualenv to the rescue! It basically enables multiple side-by-side
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installations of Python, one for each project. It doesn't actually
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install separate copies of Python, but it does provide a clever way
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to keep different project environments isolated.
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So let's see how virtualenv works!
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Virtualenv to the rescue! Virtualenv enables multiple side-by-side
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installations of Python, one for each project. It doesn't actually install
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separate copies of Python, but it does provide a clever way to keep different
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project environments isolated. Let's see how virtualenv works.
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If you are on Mac OS X or Linux, chances are that one of the following two
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commands will work for you::
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@ -51,15 +50,15 @@ or even better::
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$ sudo pip install virtualenv
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One of these will probably install virtualenv on your system. Maybe it's
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even in your package manager. If you use Ubuntu, try::
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One of these will probably install virtualenv on your system. Maybe it's even
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in your package manager. If you use Ubuntu, try::
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$ sudo apt-get install python-virtualenv
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If you are on Windows and don't have the `easy_install` command, you must
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install it first. Check the :ref:`windows-easy-install` section for more
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information on how to do that. Once you have it installed, run the
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same commands as above, but without the `sudo` prefix.
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information about how to do that. Once you have it installed, run the same
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commands as above, but without the `sudo` prefix.
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Once you have virtualenv installed, just fire up a shell and create
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your own environment. I usually create a project folder and an `env`
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@ -71,28 +70,28 @@ folder within::
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New python executable in env/bin/python
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Installing setuptools............done.
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Now, whenever you want to work on a project, you only have to activate
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the corresponding environment. On OS X and Linux, do the following::
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Now, whenever you want to work on a project, you only have to activate the
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corresponding environment. On OS X and Linux, do the following::
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$ . env/bin/activate
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(Note the space between the dot and the script name. The dot means that
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this script should run in the context of the current shell. If this command
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does not work in your shell, try replacing the dot with ``source``.)
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(Note the space between the dot and the script name. The dot means that this
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script should run in the context of the current shell. If this command does
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not work in your shell, try replacing the dot with ``source``)
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If you are a Windows user, the following command is for you::
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$ env\scripts\activate
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Either way, you should now be using your virtualenv (see how the prompt of
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Either way, you should now be using your virtualenv (notice how the prompt of
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your shell has changed to show the virtualenv).
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Now you can just enter the following command to get Flask activated in
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your virtualenv::
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Now you can just enter the following command to get Flask activated in your
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virtualenv::
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$ easy_install Flask
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A few seconds later you are good to go.
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A few seconds later and you are good to go.
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System-Wide Installation
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@ -103,15 +102,16 @@ This is possible as well, though I do not recommend it. Just run
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$ sudo easy_install Flask
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(Run it in an Admin shell on Windows systems and without `sudo`.)
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(On Windows systems, run it in a command-prompt window with administrator
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privleges, and leave out `sudo`.)
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Living on the Edge
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------------------
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If you want to work with the latest version of Flask, there are two ways: you
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can either let `easy_install` pull in the development version, or tell it
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to operate on a git checkout. Either way, virtualenv is recommended.
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can either let `easy_install` pull in the development version, or you can tell
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it to operate on a git checkout. Either way, virtualenv is recommended.
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Get the git checkout in a new virtualenv and run in development mode::
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@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ Get the git checkout in a new virtualenv and run in development mode::
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Finished processing dependencies for Flask
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This will pull in the dependencies and activate the git head as the current
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version inside the virtualenv. Then you just have to ``git pull origin``
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to get the latest version.
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version inside the virtualenv. Then all you have to do is run ``git pull
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origin`` to update to the latest version.
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To just get the development version without git, do this instead::
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@ -147,29 +147,27 @@ To just get the development version without git, do this instead::
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`easy_install` on Windows
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-------------------------
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On Windows, installation of `easy_install` is a little bit trickier because
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slightly different rules apply on Windows than on Unix-like systems, but
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it's not difficult. The easiest way to do it is to download the
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`ez_setup.py`_ file and run it. The easiest way to run the file is to
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open your downloads folder and double-click on the file.
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On Windows, installation of `easy_install` is a little bit trickier, but still
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quite easy. The easiest way to do it is to download the `ez_setup.py`_ file
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and run it. The easiest way to run the file is to open your downloads folder
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and double-click on the file.
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Next, add the `easy_install` command and other Python scripts to the
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command search path, by adding your Python installation's Scripts folder
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to the `PATH` environment variable. To do that, right-click on the
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"Computer" icon on the Desktop or in the Start menu, and choose
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"Properties". Then, on Windows Vista and Windows 7 click on "Advanced System
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settings"; on Windows XP, click on the "Advanced" tab instead. Then click
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on the "Environment variables" button and double-click on the "Path"
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variable in the "System variables" section. There append the path of your
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Python interpreter's Scripts folder; make sure you delimit it from
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existing values with a semicolon. Assuming you are using Python 2.6 on
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"Computer" icon on the Desktop or in the Start menu, and choose "Properties".
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Then click on "Advanced System settings" (on Windows XP, click on the
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"Advanced" tab instead). Then click on the "Environment variables" button and
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double-click on the "Path" variable in the "System variables" section. There
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append the path of your Python interpreter's Scripts folder. Be sure to delimit
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it from existing values with a semicolon. Assuming you are using Python 2.6 on
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the default path, add the following value::
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;C:\Python26\Scripts
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Then you are done. To check that it worked, open the Command Prompt and
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execute ``easy_install``. If you have User Account Control enabled on
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Windows Vista or Windows 7, it should prompt you for admin privileges.
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And you are done! To check that it worked, open the Command Prompt and execute
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``easy_install``. If you have User Account Control enabled on Windows Vista or
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Windows 7, it should prompt you for administrator privileges.
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.. _ez_setup.py: http://peak.telecommunity.com/dist/ez_setup.py
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