allow IO[bytes] for send_file argument

CHANGES.rst

@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 Version 3.1.1
 -------------
 
+Unreleased
+
+- Fix ``helpers.send_file`` type hint to allow ``IO[bytes]``, not just
+  ``BinaryIO``. Fixes :issue:`5776`.
+
+Version 3.1.1
+-------------
+
 Released 2025-05-13
 
 -   Fix signing key selection order when key rotation is enabled via

src/flask/helpers.py

@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ def _prepare_send_file_kwargs(**kwargs: t.Any) -> dict[str, t.Any]:
 
 
 def send_file(
-    path_or_file: os.PathLike[t.AnyStr] | str | t.BinaryIO,
+    path_or_file: os.PathLike[t.AnyStr] | str | t.IO[bytes],
     mimetype: str | None = None,
     as_attachment: bool = False,
     download_name: str | None = None,

tests/test_helpers.py

@@ -98,6 +98,34 @@ class TestSendfile:
         assert rv.data.strip() == b"Hello Subdomain"
         rv.close()
 
+    def test_send_file_io_bytes(self, app, req_ctx):
+            """
+            Tests that send_file can handle file-like objects typed as IO[bytes].
+            This verifies the fix for issue #5776.
+            """
+            file_content = b"this is file content"
+            file_obj: IO[bytes] = io.BytesIO(file_content)
+
+            # 2. send_file 함수에 as_attachment=True 인자를 추가합니다.
+            rv = flask.send_file(
+                file_obj,
+                download_name="test.txt",
+                mimetype="text/plain",
+                as_attachment=True,  # <-- 이 부분을 추가하세요.
+            )
+
+            # 3. 응답 검증
+            assert rv.status_code == 200
+            assert rv.direct_passthrough
+
+            rv.direct_passthrough = False
+
+            assert rv.data == file_content
+            assert rv.mimetype == "text/plain"
+            # 이제 이 assert문이 정상적으로 통과합니다.
+            assert "attachment; filename=test.txt" in rv.headers["Content-Disposition"]
+            rv.close()
+
 
 class TestUrlFor:
     def test_url_for_with_anchor(self, app, req_ctx):