Flask Update.

Flask Update, works for CPython 3.10.0 Beta 3.

.gitignore

@@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
-.DS_Store
-.env
-.flaskenv
-*.pyc
-*.pyo
-env/
-venv/
-.venv/
-env*
-dist/
-build/
-*.egg
-*.egg-info/
-_mailinglist
-.tox/
-.cache/
-.pytest_cache/
-.idea/
-docs/_build/
-.vscode
-
-# Coverage reports
-htmlcov/
-.coverage
-.coverage.*
-*,cover

src/flask/__init__.py

@@ -1,46 +1,60 @@
-from markupsafe import escape
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from markupsafe import Markup
+"""
-from werkzeug.exceptions import abort as abort
+    flask
-from werkzeug.utils import redirect as redirect
+    ~~~~~
 
-from . import json as json
+    A microframework based on Werkzeug.  It's extensively documented
-from .app import Flask as Flask
+    and follows best practice patterns.
-from .app import Request as Request
-from .app import Response as Response
-from .blueprints import Blueprint as Blueprint
-from .config import Config as Config
-from .ctx import after_this_request as after_this_request
-from .ctx import copy_current_request_context as copy_current_request_context
-from .ctx import has_app_context as has_app_context
-from .ctx import has_request_context as has_request_context
-from .globals import _app_ctx_stack as _app_ctx_stack
-from .globals import _request_ctx_stack as _request_ctx_stack
-from .globals import current_app as current_app
-from .globals import g as g
-from .globals import request as request
-from .globals import session as session
-from .helpers import flash as flash
-from .helpers import get_flashed_messages as get_flashed_messages
-from .helpers import get_template_attribute as get_template_attribute
-from .helpers import make_response as make_response
-from .helpers import safe_join as safe_join
-from .helpers import send_file as send_file
-from .helpers import send_from_directory as send_from_directory
-from .helpers import stream_with_context as stream_with_context
-from .helpers import url_for as url_for
-from .json import jsonify as jsonify
-from .signals import appcontext_popped as appcontext_popped
-from .signals import appcontext_pushed as appcontext_pushed
-from .signals import appcontext_tearing_down as appcontext_tearing_down
-from .signals import before_render_template as before_render_template
-from .signals import got_request_exception as got_request_exception
-from .signals import message_flashed as message_flashed
-from .signals import request_finished as request_finished
-from .signals import request_started as request_started
-from .signals import request_tearing_down as request_tearing_down
-from .signals import signals_available as signals_available
-from .signals import template_rendered as template_rendered
-from .templating import render_template as render_template
-from .templating import render_template_string as render_template_string
 
-__version__ = "2.1.0.dev0"
+    :copyright: 2010 Pallets
+    :license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
+# utilities we import from Werkzeug and Jinja2 that are unused
+# in the module but are exported as public interface.
+from jinja2 import escape
+from jinja2 import Markup
+from werkzeug.exceptions import abort
+from werkzeug.utils import redirect
+
+from . import json
+from ._compat import json_available
+from .app import Flask
+from .app import Request
+from .app import Response
+from .blueprints import Blueprint
+from .config import Config
+from .ctx import after_this_request
+from .ctx import copy_current_request_context
+from .ctx import has_app_context
+from .ctx import has_request_context
+from .globals import _app_ctx_stack
+from .globals import _request_ctx_stack
+from .globals import current_app
+from .globals import g
+from .globals import request
+from .globals import session
+from .helpers import flash
+from .helpers import get_flashed_messages
+from .helpers import get_template_attribute
+from .helpers import make_response
+from .helpers import safe_join
+from .helpers import send_file
+from .helpers import send_from_directory
+from .helpers import stream_with_context
+from .helpers import url_for
+from .json import jsonify
+from .signals import appcontext_popped
+from .signals import appcontext_pushed
+from .signals import appcontext_tearing_down
+from .signals import before_render_template
+from .signals import got_request_exception
+from .signals import message_flashed
+from .signals import request_finished
+from .signals import request_started
+from .signals import request_tearing_down
+from .signals import signals_available
+from .signals import template_rendered
+from .templating import render_template
+from .templating import render_template_string
+
+__version__ = "1.1.4"

src/flask/__main__.py

@@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
-from .cli import main
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+    flask.__main__
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-main()
+    Alias for flask.run for the command line.
+
+    :copyright: 2010 Pallets
+    :license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    from .cli import main
+
+    main(as_module=True)

src/flask/_compat.py

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+    flask._compat
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Some py2/py3 compatibility support based on a stripped down
+    version of six so we don't have to depend on a specific version
+    of it.
+
+    :copyright: 2010 Pallets
+    :license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
+import sys
+
+PY2 = sys.version_info[0] == 2
+_identity = lambda x: x
+
+try:  # Python 2
+    text_type = unicode
+    string_types = (str, unicode)
+    integer_types = (int, long)
+except NameError:  # Python 3
+    text_type = str
+    string_types = (str,)
+    integer_types = (int,)
+
+if not PY2:
+    iterkeys = lambda d: iter(d.keys())
+    itervalues = lambda d: iter(d.values())
+    iteritems = lambda d: iter(d.items())
+
+    from inspect import getfullargspec as getargspec
+    from io import StringIO
+    import collections.abc as collections_abc
+
+    def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):
+        if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
+            raise value.with_traceback(tb)
+        raise value
+
+    implements_to_string = _identity
+
+else:
+    iterkeys = lambda d: d.iterkeys()
+    itervalues = lambda d: d.itervalues()
+    iteritems = lambda d: d.iteritems()
+
+    from inspect import getargspec
+    from cStringIO import StringIO
+    import collections as collections_abc
+
+    exec("def reraise(tp, value, tb=None):\n raise tp, value, tb")
+
+    def implements_to_string(cls):
+        cls.__unicode__ = cls.__str__
+        cls.__str__ = lambda x: x.__unicode__().encode("utf-8")
+        return cls
+
+
+def with_metaclass(meta, *bases):
+    """Create a base class with a metaclass."""
+    # This requires a bit of explanation: the basic idea is to make a
+    # dummy metaclass for one level of class instantiation that replaces
+    # itself with the actual metaclass.
+    class metaclass(type):
+        def __new__(metacls, name, this_bases, d):
+            return meta(name, bases, d)
+
+    return type.__new__(metaclass, "temporary_class", (), {})
+
+
+# Certain versions of pypy have a bug where clearing the exception stack
+# breaks the __exit__ function in a very peculiar way.  The second level of
+# exception blocks is necessary because pypy seems to forget to check if an
+# exception happened until the next bytecode instruction?
+#
+# Relevant PyPy bugfix commit:
+# https://bitbucket.org/pypy/pypy/commits/77ecf91c635a287e88e60d8ddb0f4e9df4003301
+# According to ronan on #pypy IRC, it is released in PyPy2 2.3 and later
+# versions.
+#
+# Ubuntu 14.04 has PyPy 2.2.1, which does exhibit this bug.
+BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT = False
+if hasattr(sys, "pypy_version_info"):
+
+    class _Mgr(object):
+        def __enter__(self):
+            return self
+
+        def __exit__(self, *args):
+            if hasattr(sys, "exc_clear"):
+                # Python 3 (PyPy3) doesn't have exc_clear
+                sys.exc_clear()
+
+    try:
+        try:
+            with _Mgr():
+                raise AssertionError()
+        except:  # noqa: B001
+            # We intentionally use a bare except here. See the comment above
+            # regarding a pypy bug as to why.
+            raise
+    except TypeError:
+        BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT = True
+    except AssertionError:
+        pass
+
+
+try:
+    from os import fspath
+except ImportError:
+    # Backwards compatibility as proposed in PEP 0519:
+    # https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0519/#backwards-compatibility
+    def fspath(path):
+        return path.__fspath__() if hasattr(path, "__fspath__") else path
+
+
+class _DeprecatedBool(object):
+    def __init__(self, name, version, value):
+        self.message = "'{}' is deprecated and will be removed in version {}.".format(
+            name, version
+        )
+        self.value = value
+
+    def _warn(self):
+        import warnings
+
+        warnings.warn(self.message, DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        self._warn()
+        return other == self.value
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        self._warn()
+        return other != self.value
+
+    def __bool__(self):
+        self._warn()
+        return self.value
+
+    __nonzero__ = __bool__
+
+
+json_available = _DeprecatedBool("flask.json_available", "2.0.0", True)

src/flask/blueprints.py

@@ -1,42 +1,31 @@
-import typing as t
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-from collections import defaultdict
+"""
+    flask.blueprints
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Blueprints are the recommended way to implement larger or more
+    pluggable applications in Flask 0.7 and later.
+
+    :copyright: 2010 Pallets
+    :license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
 from functools import update_wrapper
 
-from .scaffold import _endpoint_from_view_func
+from .helpers import _endpoint_from_view_func
-from .scaffold import _sentinel
+from .helpers import _PackageBoundObject
-from .scaffold import Scaffold
-from .typing import AfterRequestCallable
-from .typing import BeforeFirstRequestCallable
-from .typing import BeforeRequestCallable
-from .typing import ErrorHandlerCallable
-from .typing import TeardownCallable
-from .typing import TemplateContextProcessorCallable
-from .typing import TemplateFilterCallable
-from .typing import TemplateGlobalCallable
-from .typing import TemplateTestCallable
-from .typing import URLDefaultCallable
-from .typing import URLValuePreprocessorCallable
 
-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
+# a singleton sentinel value for parameter defaults
-    from .app import Flask
+_sentinel = object()
-
-DeferredSetupFunction = t.Callable[["BlueprintSetupState"], t.Callable]
 
 
-class BlueprintSetupState:
+class BlueprintSetupState(object):
     """Temporary holder object for registering a blueprint with the
     application.  An instance of this class is created by the
     :meth:`~flask.Blueprint.make_setup_state` method and later passed
     to all register callback functions.
     """
 
-    def __init__(
+    def __init__(self, blueprint, app, options, first_registration):
-        self,
-        blueprint: "Blueprint",
-        app: "Flask",
-        options: t.Any,
-        first_registration: bool,
-    ) -> None:
         #: a reference to the current application
         self.app = app
 
@@ -68,21 +57,12 @@ class BlueprintSetupState:
         #: blueprint.
         self.url_prefix = url_prefix
 
-        self.name = self.options.get("name", blueprint.name)
-        self.name_prefix = self.options.get("name_prefix", "")
-
         #: A dictionary with URL defaults that is added to each and every
         #: URL that was defined with the blueprint.
         self.url_defaults = dict(self.blueprint.url_values_defaults)
         self.url_defaults.update(self.options.get("url_defaults", ()))
 
-    def add_url_rule(
+    def add_url_rule(self, rule, endpoint=None, view_func=None, **options):
-        self,
-        rule: str,
-        endpoint: t.Optional[str] = None,
-        view_func: t.Optional[t.Callable] = None,
-        **options: t.Any,
-    ) -> None:
         """A helper method to register a rule (and optionally a view function)
         to the application.  The endpoint is automatically prefixed with the
         blueprint's name.
@@ -94,21 +74,20 @@ class BlueprintSetupState:
                 rule = self.url_prefix
         options.setdefault("subdomain", self.subdomain)
         if endpoint is None:
-            endpoint = _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func)  # type: ignore
+            endpoint = _endpoint_from_view_func(view_func)
         defaults = self.url_defaults
         if "defaults" in options:
             defaults = dict(defaults, **options.pop("defaults"))
-
         self.app.add_url_rule(
             rule,
-            f"{self.name_prefix}.{self.name}.{endpoint}".lstrip("."),
+            "%s.%s" % (self.blueprint.name, endpoint),
             view_func,
             defaults=defaults,
-            **options,
+            **options
         )
 
 
-class Blueprint(Scaffold):
+class Blueprint(_PackageBoundObject):
     """Represents a blueprint, a collection of routes and other
     app-related functions that can be registered on a real application
     later.
@@ -122,7 +101,14 @@ class Blueprint(Scaffold):
     that is called with :class:`~flask.blueprints.BlueprintSetupState`
     when the blueprint is registered on an application.
 
-    See :doc:`/blueprints` for more information.
+    See :ref:`blueprints` for more information.
+
+    .. versionchanged:: 1.1.0
+        Blueprints have a ``cli`` group to register nested CLI commands.
+        The ``cli_group`` parameter controls the name of the group under
+        the ``flask`` command.
+
+    .. versionadded:: 0.7
 
     :param name: The name of the blueprint. Will be prepended to each
         endpoint name.
@@ -148,69 +134,65 @@ class Blueprint(Scaffold):
         default.
     :param url_defaults: A dict of default values that blueprint routes
         will receive by default.
-    :param root_path: By default, the blueprint will automatically set
+    :param root_path: By default, the blueprint will automatically this
-        this based on ``import_name``. In certain situations this
+        based on ``import_name``. In certain situations this automatic
-        automatic detection can fail, so the path can be specified
+        detection can fail, so the path can be specified manually
-        manually instead.
+        instead.
-
-    .. versionchanged:: 1.1.0
-        Blueprints have a ``cli`` group to register nested CLI commands.
-        The ``cli_group`` parameter controls the name of the group under
-        the ``flask`` command.
-
-    .. versionadded:: 0.7
     """
 
     warn_on_modifications = False
     _got_registered_once = False
 
-    #: Blueprint local JSON encoder class to use. Set to ``None`` to use
+    #: Blueprint local JSON decoder class to use.
-    #: the app's :class:`~flask.Flask.json_encoder`.
+    #: Set to ``None`` to use the app's :class:`~flask.app.Flask.json_encoder`.
     json_encoder = None
-    #: Blueprint local JSON decoder class to use. Set to ``None`` to use
+    #: Blueprint local JSON decoder class to use.
-    #: the app's :class:`~flask.Flask.json_decoder`.
+    #: Set to ``None`` to use the app's :class:`~flask.app.Flask.json_decoder`.
     json_decoder = None
 
+    # TODO remove the next three attrs when Sphinx :inherited-members: works
+    # https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/issues/741
+
+    #: The name of the package or module that this app belongs to. Do not
+    #: change this once it is set by the constructor.
+    import_name = None
+
+    #: Location of the template files to be added to the template lookup.
+    #: ``None`` if templates should not be added.
+    template_folder = None
+
+    #: Absolute path to the package on the filesystem. Used to look up
+    #: resources contained in the package.
+    root_path = None
+
     def __init__(
         self,
-        name: str,
+        name,
-        import_name: str,
+        import_name,
-        static_folder: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        static_folder=None,
-        static_url_path: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        static_url_path=None,
-        template_folder: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        template_folder=None,
-        url_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        url_prefix=None,
-        subdomain: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        subdomain=None,
-        url_defaults: t.Optional[dict] = None,
+        url_defaults=None,
-        root_path: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        root_path=None,
-        cli_group: t.Optional[str] = _sentinel,  # type: ignore
+        cli_group=_sentinel,
     ):
-        super().__init__(
+        _PackageBoundObject.__init__(
-            import_name=import_name,
+            self, import_name, template_folder, root_path=root_path
-            static_folder=static_folder,
-            static_url_path=static_url_path,
-            template_folder=template_folder,
-            root_path=root_path,
         )
-
-        if "." in name:
-            raise ValueError("'name' may not contain a dot '.' character.")
-
         self.name = name
         self.url_prefix = url_prefix
         self.subdomain = subdomain
-        self.deferred_functions: t.List[DeferredSetupFunction] = []
+        self.static_folder = static_folder
-
+        self.static_url_path = static_url_path
+        self.deferred_functions = []
         if url_defaults is None:
             url_defaults = {}
-
         self.url_values_defaults = url_defaults
         self.cli_group = cli_group
-        self._blueprints: t.List[t.Tuple["Blueprint", dict]] = []
 
-    def _is_setup_finished(self) -> bool:
+    def record(self, func):
-        return self.warn_on_modifications and self._got_registered_once
-
-    def record(self, func: t.Callable) -> None:
         """Registers a function that is called when the blueprint is
         registered on the application.  This function is called with the
         state as argument as returned by the :meth:`make_setup_state`
@@ -221,212 +203,114 @@ class Blueprint(Scaffold):
 
             warn(
                 Warning(
-                    "The blueprint was already registered once but is"
+                    "The blueprint was already registered once "
-                    " getting modified now. These changes will not show"
+                    "but is getting modified now.  These changes "
-                    " up."
+                    "will not show up."
                 )
             )
         self.deferred_functions.append(func)
 
-    def record_once(self, func: t.Callable) -> None:
+    def record_once(self, func):
         """Works like :meth:`record` but wraps the function in another
         function that will ensure the function is only called once.  If the
         blueprint is registered a second time on the application, the
         function passed is not called.
         """
 
-        def wrapper(state: BlueprintSetupState) -> None:
+        def wrapper(state):
             if state.first_registration:
                 func(state)
 
         return self.record(update_wrapper(wrapper, func))
 
-    def make_setup_state(
+    def make_setup_state(self, app, options, first_registration=False):
-        self, app: "Flask", options: dict, first_registration: bool = False
-    ) -> BlueprintSetupState:
         """Creates an instance of :meth:`~flask.blueprints.BlueprintSetupState`
         object that is later passed to the register callback functions.
         Subclasses can override this to return a subclass of the setup state.
         """
         return BlueprintSetupState(self, app, options, first_registration)
 
-    def register_blueprint(self, blueprint: "Blueprint", **options: t.Any) -> None:
+    def register(self, app, options, first_registration=False):
-        """Register a :class:`~flask.Blueprint` on this blueprint. Keyword
+        """Called by :meth:`Flask.register_blueprint` to register all views
-        arguments passed to this method will override the defaults set
+        and callbacks registered on the blueprint with the application. Creates
-        on the blueprint.
+        a :class:`.BlueprintSetupState` and calls each :meth:`record` callback
+        with it.
 
-        .. versionchanged:: 2.0.1
+        :param app: The application this blueprint is being registered with.
-            The ``name`` option can be used to change the (pre-dotted)
-            name the blueprint is registered with. This allows the same
-            blueprint to be registered multiple times with unique names
-            for ``url_for``.
-
-        .. versionadded:: 2.0
-        """
-        if blueprint is self:
-            raise ValueError("Cannot register a blueprint on itself")
-        self._blueprints.append((blueprint, options))
-
-    def register(self, app: "Flask", options: dict) -> None:
-        """Called by :meth:`Flask.register_blueprint` to register all
-        views and callbacks registered on the blueprint with the
-        application. Creates a :class:`.BlueprintSetupState` and calls
-        each :meth:`record` callback with it.
-
-        :param app: The application this blueprint is being registered
-            with.
         :param options: Keyword arguments forwarded from
             :meth:`~Flask.register_blueprint`.
-
+        :param first_registration: Whether this is the first time this
-        .. versionchanged:: 2.0.1
+            blueprint has been registered on the application.
-            Nested blueprints are registered with their dotted name.
-            This allows different blueprints with the same name to be
-            nested at different locations.
-
-        .. versionchanged:: 2.0.1
-            The ``name`` option can be used to change the (pre-dotted)
-            name the blueprint is registered with. This allows the same
-            blueprint to be registered multiple times with unique names
-            for ``url_for``.
-
-        .. versionchanged:: 2.0.1
-            Registering the same blueprint with the same name multiple
-            times is deprecated and will become an error in Flask 2.1.
         """
-        first_registration = not any(bp is self for bp in app.blueprints.values())
-        name_prefix = options.get("name_prefix", "")
-        self_name = options.get("name", self.name)
-        name = f"{name_prefix}.{self_name}".lstrip(".")
-
-        if name in app.blueprints:
-            existing_at = f" '{name}'" if self_name != name else ""
-
-            if app.blueprints[name] is not self:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"The name '{self_name}' is already registered for"
-                    f" a different blueprint{existing_at}. Use 'name='"
-                    " to provide a unique name."
-                )
-            else:
-                import warnings
-
-                warnings.warn(
-                    f"The name '{self_name}' is already registered for"
-                    f" this blueprint{existing_at}. Use 'name=' to"
-                    " provide a unique name. This will become an error"
-                    " in Flask 2.1.",
-                    stacklevel=4,
-                )
-
-        app.blueprints[name] = self
         self._got_registered_once = True
         state = self.make_setup_state(app, options, first_registration)
 
         if self.has_static_folder:
             state.add_url_rule(
-                f"{self.static_url_path}/<path:filename>",
+                self.static_url_path + "/<path:filename>",
                 view_func=self.send_static_file,
                 endpoint="static",
             )
 
-        # Merge blueprint data into parent.
-        if first_registration:
-
-            def extend(bp_dict, parent_dict):
-                for key, values in bp_dict.items():
-                    key = name if key is None else f"{name}.{key}"
-                    parent_dict[key].extend(values)
-
-            for key, value in self.error_handler_spec.items():
-                key = name if key is None else f"{name}.{key}"
-                value = defaultdict(
-                    dict,
-                    {
-                        code: {
-                            exc_class: func for exc_class, func in code_values.items()
-                        }
-                        for code, code_values in value.items()
-                    },
-                )
-                app.error_handler_spec[key] = value
-
-            for endpoint, func in self.view_functions.items():
-                app.view_functions[endpoint] = func
-
-            extend(self.before_request_funcs, app.before_request_funcs)
-            extend(self.after_request_funcs, app.after_request_funcs)
-            extend(
-                self.teardown_request_funcs,
-                app.teardown_request_funcs,
-            )
-            extend(self.url_default_functions, app.url_default_functions)
-            extend(self.url_value_preprocessors, app.url_value_preprocessors)
-            extend(self.template_context_processors, app.template_context_processors)
-
         for deferred in self.deferred_functions:
             deferred(state)
 
         cli_resolved_group = options.get("cli_group", self.cli_group)
 
-        if self.cli.commands:
+        if not self.cli.commands:
+            return
+
         if cli_resolved_group is None:
             app.cli.commands.update(self.cli.commands)
         elif cli_resolved_group is _sentinel:
-                self.cli.name = name
+            self.cli.name = self.name
             app.cli.add_command(self.cli)
         else:
             self.cli.name = cli_resolved_group
             app.cli.add_command(self.cli)
 
-        for blueprint, bp_options in self._blueprints:
+    def route(self, rule, **options):
-            bp_options = bp_options.copy()
+        """Like :meth:`Flask.route` but for a blueprint.  The endpoint for the
-            bp_url_prefix = bp_options.get("url_prefix")
+        :func:`url_for` function is prefixed with the name of the blueprint.
+        """
 
-            if bp_url_prefix is None:
+        def decorator(f):
-                bp_url_prefix = blueprint.url_prefix
+            endpoint = options.pop("endpoint", f.__name__)
+            self.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, f, **options)
+            return f
 
-            if state.url_prefix is not None and bp_url_prefix is not None:
+        return decorator
-                bp_options["url_prefix"] = (
-                    state.url_prefix.rstrip("/") + "/" + bp_url_prefix.lstrip("/")
-                )
-            elif bp_url_prefix is not None:
-                bp_options["url_prefix"] = bp_url_prefix
-            elif state.url_prefix is not None:
-                bp_options["url_prefix"] = state.url_prefix
 
-            bp_options["name_prefix"] = name
+    def add_url_rule(self, rule, endpoint=None, view_func=None, **options):
-            blueprint.register(app, bp_options)
-
-    def add_url_rule(
-        self,
-        rule: str,
-        endpoint: t.Optional[str] = None,
-        view_func: t.Optional[t.Callable] = None,
-        provide_automatic_options: t.Optional[bool] = None,
-        **options: t.Any,
-    ) -> None:
         """Like :meth:`Flask.add_url_rule` but for a blueprint.  The endpoint for
         the :func:`url_for` function is prefixed with the name of the blueprint.
         """
-        if endpoint and "." in endpoint:
+        if endpoint:
-            raise ValueError("'endpoint' may not contain a dot '.' character.")
+            assert "." not in endpoint, "Blueprint endpoints should not contain dots"
+        if view_func and hasattr(view_func, "__name__"):
+            assert (
+                "." not in view_func.__name__
+            ), "Blueprint view function name should not contain dots"
+        self.record(lambda s: s.add_url_rule(rule, endpoint, view_func, **options))
 
-        if view_func and hasattr(view_func, "__name__") and "." in view_func.__name__:
+    def endpoint(self, endpoint):
-            raise ValueError("'view_func' name may not contain a dot '.' character.")
+        """Like :meth:`Flask.endpoint` but for a blueprint.  This does not
+        prefix the endpoint with the blueprint name, this has to be done
+        explicitly by the user of this method.  If the endpoint is prefixed
+        with a `.` it will be registered to the current blueprint, otherwise
+        it's an application independent endpoint.
+        """
 
-        self.record(
+        def decorator(f):
-            lambda s: s.add_url_rule(
+            def register_endpoint(state):
-                rule,
+                state.app.view_functions[endpoint] = f
-                endpoint,
-                view_func,
-                provide_automatic_options=provide_automatic_options,
-                **options,
-            )
-        )
 
-    def app_template_filter(
+            self.record_once(register_endpoint)
-        self, name: t.Optional[str] = None
+            return f
-    ) -> t.Callable[[TemplateFilterCallable], TemplateFilterCallable]:
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def app_template_filter(self, name=None):
         """Register a custom template filter, available application wide.  Like
         :meth:`Flask.template_filter` but for a blueprint.
 
@@ -434,15 +318,13 @@ class Blueprint(Scaffold):
                      function name will be used.
         """
 
-        def decorator(f: TemplateFilterCallable) -> TemplateFilterCallable:
+        def decorator(f):
             self.add_app_template_filter(f, name=name)
             return f
 
         return decorator
 
-    def add_app_template_filter(
+    def add_app_template_filter(self, f, name=None):
-        self, f: TemplateFilterCallable, name: t.Optional[str] = None
-    ) -> None:
         """Register a custom template filter, available application wide.  Like
         :meth:`Flask.add_template_filter` but for a blueprint.  Works exactly
         like the :meth:`app_template_filter` decorator.
@@ -451,14 +333,12 @@ class Blueprint(Scaffold):
                      function name will be used.
         """
 
-        def register_template(state: BlueprintSetupState) -> None:
+        def register_template(state):
             state.app.jinja_env.filters[name or f.__name__] = f
 
         self.record_once(register_template)
 
-    def app_template_test(
+    def app_template_test(self, name=None):
-        self, name: t.Optional[str] = None
-    ) -> t.Callable[[TemplateTestCallable], TemplateTestCallable]:
         """Register a custom template test, available application wide.  Like
         :meth:`Flask.template_test` but for a blueprint.
 
@@ -468,15 +348,13 @@ class Blueprint(Scaffold):
                      function name will be used.
         """
 
-        def decorator(f: TemplateTestCallable) -> TemplateTestCallable:
+        def decorator(f):
             self.add_app_template_test(f, name=name)
             return f
 
         return decorator
 
-    def add_app_template_test(
+    def add_app_template_test(self, f, name=None):
-        self, f: TemplateTestCallable, name: t.Optional[str] = None
-    ) -> None:
         """Register a custom template test, available application wide.  Like
         :meth:`Flask.add_template_test` but for a blueprint.  Works exactly
         like the :meth:`app_template_test` decorator.
@@ -487,14 +365,12 @@ class Blueprint(Scaffold):
                      function name will be used.
         """
 
-        def register_template(state: BlueprintSetupState) -> None:
+        def register_template(state):
             state.app.jinja_env.tests[name or f.__name__] = f
 
         self.record_once(register_template)
 
-    def app_template_global(
+    def app_template_global(self, name=None):
-        self, name: t.Optional[str] = None
-    ) -> t.Callable[[TemplateGlobalCallable], TemplateGlobalCallable]:
         """Register a custom template global, available application wide.  Like
         :meth:`Flask.template_global` but for a blueprint.
 
@@ -504,15 +380,13 @@ class Blueprint(Scaffold):
                      function name will be used.
         """
 
-        def decorator(f: TemplateGlobalCallable) -> TemplateGlobalCallable:
+        def decorator(f):
             self.add_app_template_global(f, name=name)
             return f
 
         return decorator
 
-    def add_app_template_global(
+    def add_app_template_global(self, f, name=None):
-        self, f: TemplateGlobalCallable, name: t.Optional[str] = None
-    ) -> None:
         """Register a custom template global, available application wide.  Like
         :meth:`Flask.add_template_global` but for a blueprint.  Works exactly
         like the :meth:`app_template_global` decorator.
@@ -523,12 +397,22 @@ class Blueprint(Scaffold):
                      function name will be used.
         """
 
-        def register_template(state: BlueprintSetupState) -> None:
+        def register_template(state):
             state.app.jinja_env.globals[name or f.__name__] = f
 
         self.record_once(register_template)
 
-    def before_app_request(self, f: BeforeRequestCallable) -> BeforeRequestCallable:
+    def before_request(self, f):
+        """Like :meth:`Flask.before_request` but for a blueprint.  This function
+        is only executed before each request that is handled by a function of
+        that blueprint.
+        """
+        self.record_once(
+            lambda s: s.app.before_request_funcs.setdefault(self.name, []).append(f)
+        )
+        return f
+
+    def before_app_request(self, f):
         """Like :meth:`Flask.before_request`.  Such a function is executed
         before each request, even if outside of a blueprint.
         """
@@ -537,16 +421,24 @@ class Blueprint(Scaffold):
         )
         return f
 
-    def before_app_first_request(
+    def before_app_first_request(self, f):
-        self, f: BeforeFirstRequestCallable
-    ) -> BeforeFirstRequestCallable:
         """Like :meth:`Flask.before_first_request`.  Such a function is
         executed before the first request to the application.
         """
         self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.before_first_request_funcs.append(f))
         return f
 
-    def after_app_request(self, f: AfterRequestCallable) -> AfterRequestCallable:
+    def after_request(self, f):
+        """Like :meth:`Flask.after_request` but for a blueprint.  This function
+        is only executed after each request that is handled by a function of
+        that blueprint.
+        """
+        self.record_once(
+            lambda s: s.app.after_request_funcs.setdefault(self.name, []).append(f)
+        )
+        return f
+
+    def after_app_request(self, f):
         """Like :meth:`Flask.after_request` but for a blueprint.  Such a function
         is executed after each request, even if outside of the blueprint.
         """
@@ -555,7 +447,19 @@ class Blueprint(Scaffold):
         )
         return f
 
-    def teardown_app_request(self, f: TeardownCallable) -> TeardownCallable:
+    def teardown_request(self, f):
+        """Like :meth:`Flask.teardown_request` but for a blueprint.  This
+        function is only executed when tearing down requests handled by a
+        function of that blueprint.  Teardown request functions are executed
+        when the request context is popped, even when no actual request was
+        performed.
+        """
+        self.record_once(
+            lambda s: s.app.teardown_request_funcs.setdefault(self.name, []).append(f)
+        )
+        return f
+
+    def teardown_app_request(self, f):
         """Like :meth:`Flask.teardown_request` but for a blueprint.  Such a
         function is executed when tearing down each request, even if outside of
         the blueprint.
@@ -565,9 +469,18 @@ class Blueprint(Scaffold):
         )
         return f
 
-    def app_context_processor(
+    def context_processor(self, f):
-        self, f: TemplateContextProcessorCallable
+        """Like :meth:`Flask.context_processor` but for a blueprint.  This
-    ) -> TemplateContextProcessorCallable:
+        function is only executed for requests handled by a blueprint.
+        """
+        self.record_once(
+            lambda s: s.app.template_context_processors.setdefault(
+                self.name, []
+            ).append(f)
+        )
+        return f
+
+    def app_context_processor(self, f):
         """Like :meth:`Flask.context_processor` but for a blueprint.  Such a
         function is executed each request, even if outside of the blueprint.
         """
@@ -576,29 +489,81 @@ class Blueprint(Scaffold):
         )
         return f
 
-    def app_errorhandler(self, code: t.Union[t.Type[Exception], int]) -> t.Callable:
+    def app_errorhandler(self, code):
         """Like :meth:`Flask.errorhandler` but for a blueprint.  This
         handler is used for all requests, even if outside of the blueprint.
         """
 
-        def decorator(f: ErrorHandlerCallable) -> ErrorHandlerCallable:
+        def decorator(f):
             self.record_once(lambda s: s.app.errorhandler(code)(f))
             return f
 
         return decorator
 
-    def app_url_value_preprocessor(
+    def url_value_preprocessor(self, f):
-        self, f: URLValuePreprocessorCallable
+        """Registers a function as URL value preprocessor for this
-    ) -> URLValuePreprocessorCallable:
+        blueprint.  It's called before the view functions are called and
-        """Same as :meth:`url_value_preprocessor` but application wide."""
+        can modify the url values provided.
+        """
+        self.record_once(
+            lambda s: s.app.url_value_preprocessors.setdefault(self.name, []).append(f)
+        )
+        return f
+
+    def url_defaults(self, f):
+        """Callback function for URL defaults for this blueprint.  It's called
+        with the endpoint and values and should update the values passed
+        in place.
+        """
+        self.record_once(
+            lambda s: s.app.url_default_functions.setdefault(self.name, []).append(f)
+        )
+        return f
+
+    def app_url_value_preprocessor(self, f):
+        """Same as :meth:`url_value_preprocessor` but application wide.
+        """
         self.record_once(
             lambda s: s.app.url_value_preprocessors.setdefault(None, []).append(f)
         )
         return f
 
-    def app_url_defaults(self, f: URLDefaultCallable) -> URLDefaultCallable:
+    def app_url_defaults(self, f):
-        """Same as :meth:`url_defaults` but application wide."""
+        """Same as :meth:`url_defaults` but application wide.
+        """
         self.record_once(
             lambda s: s.app.url_default_functions.setdefault(None, []).append(f)
         )
         return f
+
+    def errorhandler(self, code_or_exception):
+        """Registers an error handler that becomes active for this blueprint
+        only.  Please be aware that routing does not happen local to a
+        blueprint so an error handler for 404 usually is not handled by
+        a blueprint unless it is caused inside a view function.  Another
+        special case is the 500 internal server error which is always looked
+        up from the application.
+
+        Otherwise works as the :meth:`~flask.Flask.errorhandler` decorator
+        of the :class:`~flask.Flask` object.
+        """
+
+        def decorator(f):
+            self.record_once(
+                lambda s: s.app._register_error_handler(self.name, code_or_exception, f)
+            )
+            return f
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def register_error_handler(self, code_or_exception, f):
+        """Non-decorator version of the :meth:`errorhandler` error attach
+        function, akin to the :meth:`~flask.Flask.register_error_handler`
+        application-wide function of the :class:`~flask.Flask` object but
+        for error handlers limited to this blueprint.
+
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
+        """
+        self.record_once(
+            lambda s: s.app._register_error_handler(self.name, code_or_exception, f)
+        )

src/flask/cli.py

@@ -1,3 +1,15 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+    flask.cli
+    ~~~~~~~~~
+
+    A simple command line application to run flask apps.
+
+    :copyright: 2010 Pallets
+    :license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
+from __future__ import print_function
+
 import ast
 import inspect
 import os
@@ -5,7 +17,6 @@ import platform
 import re
 import sys
 import traceback
-import warnings
 from functools import update_wrapper
 from operator import attrgetter
 from threading import Lock
@@ -14,6 +25,10 @@ from threading import Thread
 import click
 from werkzeug.utils import import_string
 
+from ._compat import getargspec
+from ._compat import itervalues
+from ._compat import reraise
+from ._compat import text_type
 from .globals import current_app
 from .helpers import get_debug_flag
 from .helpers import get_env
@@ -27,7 +42,7 @@ except ImportError:
 try:
     import ssl
 except ImportError:
-    ssl = None  # type: ignore
+    ssl = None
 
 
 class NoAppException(click.UsageError):
@@ -48,15 +63,15 @@ def find_best_app(script_info, module):
             return app
 
     # Otherwise find the only object that is a Flask instance.
-    matches = [v for v in module.__dict__.values() if isinstance(v, Flask)]
+    matches = [v for v in itervalues(module.__dict__) if isinstance(v, Flask)]
 
     if len(matches) == 1:
         return matches[0]
     elif len(matches) > 1:
         raise NoAppException(
-            "Detected multiple Flask applications in module"
+            'Detected multiple Flask applications in module "{module}". Use '
-            f" {module.__name__!r}. Use 'FLASK_APP={module.__name__}:name'"
+            '"FLASK_APP={module}:name" to specify the correct '
-            f" to specify the correct one."
+            "one.".format(module=module.__name__)
         )
 
     # Search for app factory functions.
@@ -73,140 +88,109 @@ def find_best_app(script_info, module):
                 if not _called_with_wrong_args(app_factory):
                     raise
                 raise NoAppException(
-                    f"Detected factory {attr_name!r} in module {module.__name__!r},"
+                    'Detected factory "{factory}" in module "{module}", but '
-                    " but could not call it without arguments. Use"
+                    "could not call it without arguments. Use "
-                    f" \"FLASK_APP='{module.__name__}:{attr_name}(args)'\""
+                    "\"FLASK_APP='{module}:{factory}(args)'\" to specify "
-                    " to specify arguments."
+                    "arguments.".format(factory=attr_name, module=module.__name__)
                 )
 
     raise NoAppException(
-        "Failed to find Flask application or factory in module"
+        'Failed to find Flask application or factory in module "{module}". '
-        f" {module.__name__!r}. Use 'FLASK_APP={module.__name__}:name'"
+        'Use "FLASK_APP={module}:name to specify one.'.format(module=module.__name__)
-        " to specify one."
     )
 
 
-def call_factory(script_info, app_factory, args=None, kwargs=None):
+def call_factory(script_info, app_factory, arguments=()):
     """Takes an app factory, a ``script_info` object and  optionally a tuple
     of arguments. Checks for the existence of a script_info argument and calls
     the app_factory depending on that and the arguments provided.
     """
-    sig = inspect.signature(app_factory)
+    args_spec = getargspec(app_factory)
-    args = [] if args is None else args
+    arg_names = args_spec.args
-    kwargs = {} if kwargs is None else kwargs
+    arg_defaults = args_spec.defaults
 
-    if "script_info" in sig.parameters:
+    if "script_info" in arg_names:
-        warnings.warn(
+        return app_factory(*arguments, script_info=script_info)
-            "The 'script_info' argument is deprecated and will not be"
+    elif arguments:
-            " passed to the app factory function in Flask 2.1.",
+        return app_factory(*arguments)
-            DeprecationWarning,
+    elif not arguments and len(arg_names) == 1 and arg_defaults is None:
-        )
+        return app_factory(script_info)
-        kwargs["script_info"] = script_info
 
-    if (
+    return app_factory()
-        not args
-        and len(sig.parameters) == 1
-        and next(iter(sig.parameters.values())).default is inspect.Parameter.empty
-    ):
-        warnings.warn(
-            "Script info is deprecated and will not be passed as the"
-            " single argument to the app factory function in Flask"
-            " 2.1.",
-            DeprecationWarning,
-        )
-        args.append(script_info)
-
-    return app_factory(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
-def _called_with_wrong_args(f):
+def _called_with_wrong_args(factory):
     """Check whether calling a function raised a ``TypeError`` because
     the call failed or because something in the factory raised the
     error.
 
-    :param f: The function that was called.
+    :param factory: the factory function that was called
-    :return: ``True`` if the call failed.
+    :return: true if the call failed
     """
     tb = sys.exc_info()[2]
 
     try:
         while tb is not None:
-            if tb.tb_frame.f_code is f.__code__:
+            if tb.tb_frame.f_code is factory.__code__:
-                # In the function, it was called successfully.
+                # in the factory, it was called successfully
                 return False
 
             tb = tb.tb_next
 
-        # Didn't reach the function.
+        # didn't reach the factory
         return True
     finally:
-        # Delete tb to break a circular reference.
+        # explicitly delete tb as it is circular referenced
         # https://docs.python.org/2/library/sys.html#sys.exc_info
         del tb
 
 
 def find_app_by_string(script_info, module, app_name):
-    """Check if the given string is a variable name or a function. Call
+    """Checks if the given string is a variable name or a function. If it is a
-    a function to get the app instance, or return the variable directly.
+    function, it checks for specified arguments and whether it takes a
+    ``script_info`` argument and calls the function with the appropriate
+    arguments.
     """
     from . import Flask
 
-    # Parse app_name as a single expression to determine if it's a valid
+    match = re.match(r"^ *([^ ()]+) *(?:\((.*?) *,? *\))? *$", app_name)
-    # attribute name or function call.
+
-    try:
+    if not match:
-        expr = ast.parse(app_name.strip(), mode="eval").body
-    except SyntaxError:
         raise NoAppException(
-            f"Failed to parse {app_name!r} as an attribute name or function call."
+            '"{name}" is not a valid variable name or function '
+            "expression.".format(name=app_name)
         )
 
-    if isinstance(expr, ast.Name):
+    name, args = match.groups()
-        name = expr.id
-        args = kwargs = None
-    elif isinstance(expr, ast.Call):
-        # Ensure the function name is an attribute name only.
-        if not isinstance(expr.func, ast.Name):
-            raise NoAppException(
-                f"Function reference must be a simple name: {app_name!r}."
-            )
-
-        name = expr.func.id
-
-        # Parse the positional and keyword arguments as literals.
-        try:
-            args = [ast.literal_eval(arg) for arg in expr.args]
-            kwargs = {kw.arg: ast.literal_eval(kw.value) for kw in expr.keywords}
-        except ValueError:
-            # literal_eval gives cryptic error messages, show a generic
-            # message with the full expression instead.
-            raise NoAppException(
-                f"Failed to parse arguments as literal values: {app_name!r}."
-            )
-    else:
-        raise NoAppException(
-            f"Failed to parse {app_name!r} as an attribute name or function call."
-        )
 
     try:
         attr = getattr(module, name)
-    except AttributeError:
+    except AttributeError as e:
-        raise NoAppException(
+        raise NoAppException(e.args[0])
-            f"Failed to find attribute {name!r} in {module.__name__!r}."
-        )
 
-    # If the attribute is a function, call it with any args and kwargs
-    # to get the real application.
     if inspect.isfunction(attr):
+        if args:
             try:
-            app = call_factory(script_info, attr, args, kwargs)
+                args = ast.literal_eval("({args},)".format(args=args))
-        except TypeError:
+            except (ValueError, SyntaxError) as e:
+                raise NoAppException(
+                    "Could not parse the arguments in "
+                    '"{app_name}".'.format(e=e, app_name=app_name)
+                )
+        else:
+            args = ()
+
+        try:
+            app = call_factory(script_info, attr, args)
+        except TypeError as e:
             if not _called_with_wrong_args(attr):
                 raise
 
             raise NoAppException(
-                f"The factory {app_name!r} in module"
+                '{e}\nThe factory "{app_name}" in module "{module}" could not '
-                f" {module.__name__!r} could not be called with the"
+                "be called with the specified arguments.".format(
-                " specified arguments."
+                    e=e, app_name=app_name, module=module.__name__
+                )
             )
     else:
         app = attr
@@ -215,8 +199,8 @@ def find_app_by_string(script_info, module, app_name):
         return app
 
     raise NoAppException(
-        "A valid Flask application was not obtained from"
+        "A valid Flask application was not obtained from "
-        f" '{module.__name__}:{app_name}'."
+        '"{module}:{app_name}".'.format(module=module.__name__, app_name=app_name)
     )
 
 
@@ -257,13 +241,13 @@ def locate_app(script_info, module_name, app_name, raise_if_not_found=True):
     except ImportError:
         # Reraise the ImportError if it occurred within the imported module.
         # Determine this by checking whether the trace has a depth > 1.
-        if sys.exc_info()[2].tb_next:
+        if sys.exc_info()[-1].tb_next:
             raise NoAppException(
-                f"While importing {module_name!r}, an ImportError was"
+                'While importing "{name}", an ImportError was raised:'
-                f" raised:\n\n{traceback.format_exc()}"
+                "\n\n{tb}".format(name=module_name, tb=traceback.format_exc())
             )
         elif raise_if_not_found:
-            raise NoAppException(f"Could not import {module_name!r}.")
+            raise NoAppException('Could not import "{name}".'.format(name=module_name))
         else:
             return
 
@@ -282,10 +266,14 @@ def get_version(ctx, param, value):
     import werkzeug
     from . import __version__
 
+    message = "Python %(python)s\nFlask %(flask)s\nWerkzeug %(werkzeug)s"
     click.echo(
-        f"Python {platform.python_version()}\n"
+        message
-        f"Flask {__version__}\n"
+        % {
-        f"Werkzeug {werkzeug.__version__}",
+            "python": platform.python_version(),
+            "flask": __version__,
+            "werkzeug": werkzeug.__version__,
+        },
         color=ctx.color,
     )
     ctx.exit()
@@ -301,22 +289,18 @@ version_option = click.Option(
 )
 
 
-class DispatchingApp:
+class DispatchingApp(object):
     """Special application that dispatches to a Flask application which
     is imported by name in a background thread.  If an error happens
     it is recorded and shown as part of the WSGI handling which in case
     of the Werkzeug debugger means that it shows up in the browser.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, loader, use_eager_loading=None):
+    def __init__(self, loader, use_eager_loading=False):
         self.loader = loader
         self._app = None
         self._lock = Lock()
         self._bg_loading_exc_info = None
-
-        if use_eager_loading is None:
-            use_eager_loading = os.environ.get("WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN") != "true"
-
         if use_eager_loading:
             self._load_unlocked()
         else:
@@ -339,7 +323,7 @@ class DispatchingApp:
         exc_info = self._bg_loading_exc_info
         if exc_info is not None:
             self._bg_loading_exc_info = None
-            raise exc_info
+            reraise(*exc_info)
 
     def _load_unlocked(self):
         __traceback_hide__ = True  # noqa: F841
@@ -360,7 +344,7 @@ class DispatchingApp:
             return rv(environ, start_response)
 
 
-class ScriptInfo:
+class ScriptInfo(object):
     """Helper object to deal with Flask applications.  This is usually not
     necessary to interface with as it's used internally in the dispatching
     to click.  In future versions of Flask this object will most likely play
@@ -391,6 +375,8 @@ class ScriptInfo:
         if self._loaded_app is not None:
             return self._loaded_app
 
+        app = None
+
         if self.create_app is not None:
             app = call_factory(self, self.create_app)
         else:
@@ -478,7 +464,9 @@ class FlaskGroup(AppGroup):
     loading more commands from the configured Flask app.  Normally a
     developer does not have to interface with this class but there are
     some very advanced use cases for which it makes sense to create an
-    instance of this. see :ref:`custom-scripts`.
+    instance of this.
+
+    For information as of why this is useful see :ref:`custom-scripts`.
 
     :param add_default_commands: if this is True then the default run and
         shell commands will be added.
@@ -503,7 +491,7 @@ class FlaskGroup(AppGroup):
         add_version_option=True,
         load_dotenv=True,
         set_debug_flag=True,
-        **extra,
+        **extra
     ):
         params = list(extra.pop("params", None) or ())
 
@@ -537,41 +525,43 @@ class FlaskGroup(AppGroup):
 
     def get_command(self, ctx, name):
         self._load_plugin_commands()
-        # Look up built-in and plugin commands, which should be
-        # available even if the app fails to load.
-        rv = super().get_command(ctx, name)
 
+        # We load built-in commands first as these should always be the
+        # same no matter what the app does.  If the app does want to
+        # override this it needs to make a custom instance of this group
+        # and not attach the default commands.
+        #
+        # This also means that the script stays functional in case the
+        # application completely fails.
+        rv = AppGroup.get_command(self, ctx, name)
         if rv is not None:
             return rv
 
         info = ctx.ensure_object(ScriptInfo)
-
-        # Look up commands provided by the app, showing an error and
-        # continuing if the app couldn't be loaded.
         try:
-            return info.load_app().cli.get_command(ctx, name)
+            rv = info.load_app().cli.get_command(ctx, name)
-        except NoAppException as e:
+            if rv is not None:
-            click.secho(f"Error: {e.format_message()}\n", err=True, fg="red")
+                return rv
+        except NoAppException:
+            pass
 
     def list_commands(self, ctx):
         self._load_plugin_commands()
-        # Start with the built-in and plugin commands.
-        rv = set(super().list_commands(ctx))
-        info = ctx.ensure_object(ScriptInfo)
 
-        # Add commands provided by the app, showing an error and
+        # The commands available is the list of both the application (if
-        # continuing if the app couldn't be loaded.
+        # available) plus the builtin commands.
+        rv = set(click.Group.list_commands(self, ctx))
+        info = ctx.ensure_object(ScriptInfo)
         try:
             rv.update(info.load_app().cli.list_commands(ctx))
-        except NoAppException as e:
-            # When an app couldn't be loaded, show the error message
-            # without the traceback.
-            click.secho(f"Error: {e.format_message()}\n", err=True, fg="red")
         except Exception:
-            # When any other errors occurred during loading, show the
+            # Here we intentionally swallow all exceptions as we don't
-            # full traceback.
+            # want the help page to break if the app does not exist.
-            click.secho(f"{traceback.format_exc()}\n", err=True, fg="red")
+            # If someone attempts to use the command we try to create
-
+            # the app again and this will give us the error.
+            # However, we will not do so silently because that would confuse
+            # users.
+            traceback.print_exc()
         return sorted(rv)
 
     def main(self, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -593,7 +583,7 @@ class FlaskGroup(AppGroup):
 
         kwargs["obj"] = obj
         kwargs.setdefault("auto_envvar_prefix", "FLASK")
-        return super().main(*args, **kwargs)
+        return super(FlaskGroup, self).main(*args, **kwargs)
 
 
 def _path_is_ancestor(path, other):
@@ -609,6 +599,10 @@ def load_dotenv(path=None):
     If an env var is already set it is not overwritten, so earlier files in the
     list are preferred over later files.
 
+    Changes the current working directory to the location of the first file
+    found, with the assumption that it is in the top level project directory
+    and will be where the Python path should import local packages from.
+
     This is a no-op if `python-dotenv`_ is not installed.
 
     .. _python-dotenv: https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv#readme
@@ -620,9 +614,6 @@ def load_dotenv(path=None):
         Returns ``False`` when python-dotenv is not installed, or when
         the given path isn't a file.
 
-    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
-        When loading the env files, set the default encoding to UTF-8.
-
     .. versionadded:: 1.0
     """
     if dotenv is None:
@@ -640,7 +631,7 @@ def load_dotenv(path=None):
     # else False
     if path is not None:
         if os.path.isfile(path):
-            return dotenv.load_dotenv(path, encoding="utf-8")
+            return dotenv.load_dotenv(path)
 
         return False
 
@@ -655,7 +646,10 @@ def load_dotenv(path=None):
         if new_dir is None:
             new_dir = os.path.dirname(path)
 
-        dotenv.load_dotenv(path, encoding="utf-8")
+        dotenv.load_dotenv(path)
+
+    if new_dir and os.getcwd() != new_dir:
+        os.chdir(new_dir)
 
     return new_dir is not None  # at least one file was located and loaded
 
@@ -668,25 +662,25 @@ def show_server_banner(env, debug, app_import_path, eager_loading):
         return
 
     if app_import_path is not None:
-        message = f" * Serving Flask app {app_import_path!r}"
+        message = ' * Serving Flask app "{0}"'.format(app_import_path)
 
         if not eager_loading:
             message += " (lazy loading)"
 
         click.echo(message)
 
-    click.echo(f" * Environment: {env}")
+    click.echo(" * Environment: {0}".format(env))
 
     if env == "production":
         click.secho(
-            "   WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in"
+            "   WARNING: This is a development server. "
-            " a production deployment.",
+            "Do not use it in a production deployment.",
             fg="red",
         )
         click.secho("   Use a production WSGI server instead.", dim=True)
 
     if debug is not None:
-        click.echo(f" * Debug mode: {'on' if debug else 'off'}")
+        click.echo(" * Debug mode: {0}".format("on" if debug else "off"))
 
 
 class CertParamType(click.ParamType):
@@ -715,18 +709,20 @@ class CertParamType(click.ParamType):
 
             if value == "adhoc":
                 try:
-                    import cryptography  # noqa: F401
+                    import OpenSSL  # noqa: F401
                 except ImportError:
                     raise click.BadParameter(
-                        "Using ad-hoc certificates requires the cryptography library.",
+                        "Using ad-hoc certificates requires pyOpenSSL.", ctx, param
-                        ctx,
-                        param,
                     )
 
                 return value
 
             obj = import_string(value, silent=True)
 
+            if sys.version_info < (2, 7, 9):
+                if obj:
+                    return obj
+            else:
                 if isinstance(obj, ssl.SSLContext):
                     return obj
 
@@ -739,7 +735,11 @@ def _validate_key(ctx, param, value):
     """
     cert = ctx.params.get("cert")
     is_adhoc = cert == "adhoc"
-    is_context = ssl and isinstance(cert, ssl.SSLContext)
+
+    if sys.version_info < (2, 7, 9):
+        is_context = cert and not isinstance(cert, (text_type, bytes))
+    else:
+        is_context = isinstance(cert, ssl.SSLContext)
 
     if value is not None:
         if is_adhoc:
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ class SeparatedPathType(click.Path):
 
     def convert(self, value, param, ctx):
         items = self.split_envvar_value(value)
-        super_convert = super().convert
+        super_convert = super(SeparatedPathType, self).convert
         return [super_convert(item, param, ctx) for item in items]
 
 
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ class SeparatedPathType(click.Path):
     "is active if debug is enabled.",
 )
 @click.option(
-    "--eager-loading/--lazy-loading",
+    "--eager-loading/--lazy-loader",
     default=None,
     help="Enable or disable eager loading. By default eager "
     "loading is enabled if the reloader is disabled.",
@@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ class SeparatedPathType(click.Path):
     type=SeparatedPathType(),
     help=(
         "Extra files that trigger a reload on change. Multiple paths"
-        f" are separated by {os.path.pathsep!r}."
+        " are separated by '{}'.".format(os.path.pathsep)
     ),
 )
 @pass_script_info
@@ -841,6 +841,9 @@ def run_command(
     if debugger is None:
         debugger = debug
 
+    if eager_loading is None:
+        eager_loading = not reload
+
     show_server_banner(get_env(), debug, info.app_import_path, eager_loading)
     app = DispatchingApp(info.load_app, use_eager_loading=eager_loading)
 
@@ -860,10 +863,10 @@ def run_command(
 
 @click.command("shell", short_help="Run a shell in the app context.")
 @with_appcontext
-def shell_command() -> None:
+def shell_command():
     """Run an interactive Python shell in the context of a given
     Flask application.  The application will populate the default
-    namespace of this shell according to its configuration.
+    namespace of this shell according to it's configuration.
 
     This is useful for executing small snippets of management code
     without having to manually configure the application.
@@ -872,40 +875,24 @@ def shell_command() -> None:
     from .globals import _app_ctx_stack
 
     app = _app_ctx_stack.top.app
-    banner = (
+    banner = "Python %s on %s\nApp: %s [%s]\nInstance: %s" % (
-        f"Python {sys.version} on {sys.platform}\n"
+        sys.version,
-        f"App: {app.import_name} [{app.env}]\n"
+        sys.platform,
-        f"Instance: {app.instance_path}"
+        app.import_name,
+        app.env,
+        app.instance_path,
     )
-    ctx: dict = {}
+    ctx = {}
 
     # Support the regular Python interpreter startup script if someone
     # is using it.
     startup = os.environ.get("PYTHONSTARTUP")
     if startup and os.path.isfile(startup):
-        with open(startup) as f:
+        with open(startup, "r") as f:
             eval(compile(f.read(), startup, "exec"), ctx)
 
     ctx.update(app.make_shell_context())
 
-    # Site, customize, or startup script can set a hook to call when
-    # entering interactive mode. The default one sets up readline with
-    # tab and history completion.
-    interactive_hook = getattr(sys, "__interactivehook__", None)
-
-    if interactive_hook is not None:
-        try:
-            import readline
-            from rlcompleter import Completer
-        except ImportError:
-            pass
-        else:
-            # rlcompleter uses __main__.__dict__ by default, which is
-            # flask.__main__. Use the shell context instead.
-            readline.set_completer(Completer(ctx).complete)
-
-        interactive_hook()
-
     code.interact(banner=banner, local=ctx)
 
 
@@ -922,7 +909,7 @@ def shell_command() -> None:
 )
 @click.option("--all-methods", is_flag=True, help="Show HEAD and OPTIONS methods.")
 @with_appcontext
-def routes_command(sort: str, all_methods: bool) -> None:
+def routes_command(sort, all_methods):
     """Show all registered routes with endpoints and methods."""
 
     rules = list(current_app.url_map.iter_rules())
@@ -935,12 +922,9 @@ def routes_command(sort: str, all_methods: bool) -> None:
     if sort in ("endpoint", "rule"):
         rules = sorted(rules, key=attrgetter(sort))
     elif sort == "methods":
-        rules = sorted(rules, key=lambda rule: sorted(rule.methods))  # type: ignore
+        rules = sorted(rules, key=lambda rule: sorted(rule.methods))
 
-    rule_methods = [
+    rule_methods = [", ".join(sorted(rule.methods - ignored_methods)) for rule in rules]
-        ", ".join(sorted(rule.methods - ignored_methods))  # type: ignore
-        for rule in rules
-    ]
 
     headers = ("Endpoint", "Methods", "Rule")
     widths = (
@@ -978,17 +962,10 @@ debug mode.
 )
 
 
-def main() -> None:
+def main(as_module=False):
-    if int(click.__version__[0]) < 8:
-        warnings.warn(
-            "Using the `flask` cli with Click 7 is deprecated and"
-            " will not be supported starting with Flask 2.1."
-            " Please upgrade to Click 8 as soon as possible.",
-            DeprecationWarning,
-        )
     # TODO omit sys.argv once https://github.com/pallets/click/issues/536 is fixed
-    cli.main(args=sys.argv[1:])
+    cli.main(args=sys.argv[1:], prog_name="python -m flask" if as_module else None)
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
-    main()
+    main(as_module=True)

src/flask/config.py

@@ -1,19 +1,32 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+    flask.config
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Implements the configuration related objects.
+
+    :copyright: 2010 Pallets
+    :license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
 import errno
 import os
 import types
-import typing as t
 
 from werkzeug.utils import import_string
 
+from . import json
+from ._compat import iteritems
+from ._compat import string_types
 
-class ConfigAttribute:
+
+class ConfigAttribute(object):
     """Makes an attribute forward to the config"""
 
-    def __init__(self, name: str, get_converter: t.Optional[t.Callable] = None) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, name, get_converter=None):
         self.__name__ = name
         self.get_converter = get_converter
 
-    def __get__(self, obj: t.Any, owner: t.Any = None) -> t.Any:
+    def __get__(self, obj, type=None):
         if obj is None:
             return self
         rv = obj.config[self.__name__]
@@ -21,7 +34,7 @@ class ConfigAttribute:
             rv = self.get_converter(rv)
         return rv
 
-    def __set__(self, obj: t.Any, value: t.Any) -> None:
+    def __set__(self, obj, value):
         obj.config[self.__name__] = value
 
 
@@ -69,11 +82,11 @@ class Config(dict):
     :param defaults: an optional dictionary of default values
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, root_path: str, defaults: t.Optional[dict] = None) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, root_path, defaults=None):
         dict.__init__(self, defaults or {})
         self.root_path = root_path
 
-    def from_envvar(self, variable_name: str, silent: bool = False) -> bool:
+    def from_envvar(self, variable_name, silent=False):
         """Loads a configuration from an environment variable pointing to
         a configuration file.  This is basically just a shortcut with nicer
         error messages for this line of code::
@@ -90,14 +103,14 @@ class Config(dict):
             if silent:
                 return False
             raise RuntimeError(
-                f"The environment variable {variable_name!r} is not set"
+                "The environment variable %r is not set "
-                " and as such configuration could not be loaded. Set"
+                "and as such configuration could not be "
-                " this variable and make it point to a configuration"
+                "loaded.  Set this variable and make it "
-                " file"
+                "point to a configuration file" % variable_name
             )
         return self.from_pyfile(rv, silent=silent)
 
-    def from_pyfile(self, filename: str, silent: bool = False) -> bool:
+    def from_pyfile(self, filename, silent=False):
         """Updates the values in the config from a Python file.  This function
         behaves as if the file was imported as module with the
         :meth:`from_object` function.
@@ -117,15 +130,15 @@ class Config(dict):
         try:
             with open(filename, mode="rb") as config_file:
                 exec(compile(config_file.read(), filename, "exec"), d.__dict__)
-        except OSError as e:
+        except IOError as e:
             if silent and e.errno in (errno.ENOENT, errno.EISDIR, errno.ENOTDIR):
                 return False
-            e.strerror = f"Unable to load configuration file ({e.strerror})"
+            e.strerror = "Unable to load configuration file (%s)" % e.strerror
             raise
         self.from_object(d)
         return True
 
-    def from_object(self, obj: t.Union[object, str]) -> None:
+    def from_object(self, obj):
         """Updates the values from the given object.  An object can be of one
         of the following two types:
 
@@ -157,96 +170,61 @@ class Config(dict):
 
         :param obj: an import name or object
         """
-        if isinstance(obj, str):
+        if isinstance(obj, string_types):
             obj = import_string(obj)
         for key in dir(obj):
             if key.isupper():
                 self[key] = getattr(obj, key)
 
-    def from_file(
+    def from_json(self, filename, silent=False):
-        self,
+        """Updates the values in the config from a JSON file. This function
-        filename: str,
+        behaves as if the JSON object was a dictionary and passed to the
-        load: t.Callable[[t.IO[t.Any]], t.Mapping],
+        :meth:`from_mapping` function.
-        silent: bool = False,
-    ) -> bool:
-        """Update the values in the config from a file that is loaded
-        using the ``load`` parameter. The loaded data is passed to the
-        :meth:`from_mapping` method.
 
-        .. code-block:: python
+        :param filename: the filename of the JSON file.  This can either be an
+                         absolute filename or a filename relative to the
+                         root path.
+        :param silent: set to ``True`` if you want silent failure for missing
+                       files.
 
-            import toml
+        .. versionadded:: 0.11
-            app.config.from_file("config.toml", load=toml.load)
-
-        :param filename: The path to the data file. This can be an
-            absolute path or relative to the config root path.
-        :param load: A callable that takes a file handle and returns a
-            mapping of loaded data from the file.
-        :type load: ``Callable[[Reader], Mapping]`` where ``Reader``
-            implements a ``read`` method.
-        :param silent: Ignore the file if it doesn't exist.
-
-        .. versionadded:: 2.0
         """
         filename = os.path.join(self.root_path, filename)
 
         try:
-            with open(filename) as f:
+            with open(filename) as json_file:
-                obj = load(f)
+                obj = json.loads(json_file.read())
-        except OSError as e:
+        except IOError as e:
             if silent and e.errno in (errno.ENOENT, errno.EISDIR):
                 return False
-
+            e.strerror = "Unable to load configuration file (%s)" % e.strerror
-            e.strerror = f"Unable to load configuration file ({e.strerror})"
             raise
-
         return self.from_mapping(obj)
 
-    def from_json(self, filename: str, silent: bool = False) -> bool:
+    def from_mapping(self, *mapping, **kwargs):
-        """Update the values in the config from a JSON file. The loaded
-        data is passed to the :meth:`from_mapping` method.
-
-        :param filename: The path to the JSON file. This can be an
-            absolute path or relative to the config root path.
-        :param silent: Ignore the file if it doesn't exist.
-
-        .. deprecated:: 2.0.0
-            Will be removed in Flask 2.1. Use :meth:`from_file` instead.
-            This was removed early in 2.0.0, was added back in 2.0.1.
-
-        .. versionadded:: 0.11
-        """
-        import warnings
-        from . import json
-
-        warnings.warn(
-            "'from_json' is deprecated and will be removed in Flask"
-            " 2.1. Use 'from_file(path, json.load)' instead.",
-            DeprecationWarning,
-            stacklevel=2,
-        )
-        return self.from_file(filename, json.load, silent=silent)
-
-    def from_mapping(
-        self, mapping: t.Optional[t.Mapping[str, t.Any]] = None, **kwargs: t.Any
-    ) -> bool:
         """Updates the config like :meth:`update` ignoring items with non-upper
         keys.
 
         .. versionadded:: 0.11
         """
-        mappings: t.Dict[str, t.Any] = {}
+        mappings = []
-        if mapping is not None:
+        if len(mapping) == 1:
-            mappings.update(mapping)
+            if hasattr(mapping[0], "items"):
-        mappings.update(kwargs)
+                mappings.append(mapping[0].items())
-        for key, value in mappings.items():
+            else:
+                mappings.append(mapping[0])
+        elif len(mapping) > 1:
+            raise TypeError(
+                "expected at most 1 positional argument, got %d" % len(mapping)
+            )
+        mappings.append(kwargs.items())
+        for mapping in mappings:
+            for (key, value) in mapping:
                 if key.isupper():
                     self[key] = value
         return True
 
-    def get_namespace(
+    def get_namespace(self, namespace, lowercase=True, trim_namespace=True):
-        self, namespace: str, lowercase: bool = True, trim_namespace: bool = True
-    ) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
         """Returns a dictionary containing a subset of configuration options
         that match the specified namespace/prefix. Example usage::
 
@@ -275,7 +253,7 @@ class Config(dict):
         .. versionadded:: 0.11
         """
         rv = {}
-        for k, v in self.items():
+        for k, v in iteritems(self):
             if not k.startswith(namespace):
                 continue
             if trim_namespace:
@@ -287,5 +265,5 @@ class Config(dict):
             rv[key] = v
         return rv
 
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+    def __repr__(self):
-        return f"<{type(self).__name__} {dict.__repr__(self)}>"
+        return "<%s %s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, dict.__repr__(self))

src/flask/ctx.py

@@ -1,27 +1,31 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+    flask.ctx
+    ~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Implements the objects required to keep the context.
+
+    :copyright: 2010 Pallets
+    :license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
 import sys
-import typing as t
 from functools import update_wrapper
-from types import TracebackType
 
 from werkzeug.exceptions import HTTPException
 
+from ._compat import BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT
+from ._compat import reraise
 from .globals import _app_ctx_stack
 from .globals import _request_ctx_stack
 from .signals import appcontext_popped
 from .signals import appcontext_pushed
-from .typing import AfterRequestCallable
-
-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from .app import Flask
-    from .sessions import SessionMixin
-    from .wrappers import Request
 
 
 # a singleton sentinel value for parameter defaults
 _sentinel = object()
 
 
-class _AppCtxGlobals:
+class _AppCtxGlobals(object):
     """A plain object. Used as a namespace for storing data during an
     application context.
 
@@ -41,25 +45,7 @@ class _AppCtxGlobals:
         .. versionadded:: 0.10
     """
 
-    # Define attr methods to let mypy know this is a namespace object
+    def get(self, name, default=None):
-    # that has arbitrary attributes.
-
-    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> t.Any:
-        try:
-            return self.__dict__[name]
-        except KeyError:
-            raise AttributeError(name) from None
-
-    def __setattr__(self, name: str, value: t.Any) -> None:
-        self.__dict__[name] = value
-
-    def __delattr__(self, name: str) -> None:
-        try:
-            del self.__dict__[name]
-        except KeyError:
-            raise AttributeError(name) from None
-
-    def get(self, name: str, default: t.Optional[t.Any] = None) -> t.Any:
         """Get an attribute by name, or a default value. Like
         :meth:`dict.get`.
 
@@ -70,12 +56,12 @@ class _AppCtxGlobals:
         """
         return self.__dict__.get(name, default)
 
-    def pop(self, name: str, default: t.Any = _sentinel) -> t.Any:
+    def pop(self, name, default=_sentinel):
         """Get and remove an attribute by name. Like :meth:`dict.pop`.
 
         :param name: Name of attribute to pop.
         :param default: Value to return if the attribute is not present,
-            instead of raising a ``KeyError``.
+            instead of raise a ``KeyError``.
 
         .. versionadded:: 0.11
         """
@@ -84,32 +70,32 @@ class _AppCtxGlobals:
         else:
             return self.__dict__.pop(name, default)
 
-    def setdefault(self, name: str, default: t.Any = None) -> t.Any:
+    def setdefault(self, name, default=None):
         """Get the value of an attribute if it is present, otherwise
         set and return a default value. Like :meth:`dict.setdefault`.
 
         :param name: Name of attribute to get.
-        :param default: Value to set and return if the attribute is not
+        :param: default: Value to set and return if the attribute is not
             present.
 
         .. versionadded:: 0.11
         """
         return self.__dict__.setdefault(name, default)
 
-    def __contains__(self, item: str) -> bool:
+    def __contains__(self, item):
         return item in self.__dict__
 
-    def __iter__(self) -> t.Iterator[str]:
+    def __iter__(self):
         return iter(self.__dict__)
 
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+    def __repr__(self):
         top = _app_ctx_stack.top
         if top is not None:
-            return f"<flask.g of {top.app.name!r}>"
+            return "<flask.g of %r>" % top.app.name
         return object.__repr__(self)
 
 
-def after_this_request(f: AfterRequestCallable) -> AfterRequestCallable:
+def after_this_request(f):
     """Executes a function after this request.  This is useful to modify
     response objects.  The function is passed the response object and has
     to return the same or a new one.
@@ -134,7 +120,7 @@ def after_this_request(f: AfterRequestCallable) -> AfterRequestCallable:
     return f
 
 
-def copy_current_request_context(f: t.Callable) -> t.Callable:
+def copy_current_request_context(f):
     """A helper function that decorates a function to retain the current
     request context.  This is useful when working with greenlets.  The moment
     the function is decorated a copy of the request context is created and
@@ -174,7 +160,7 @@ def copy_current_request_context(f: t.Callable) -> t.Callable:
     return update_wrapper(wrapper, f)
 
 
-def has_request_context() -> bool:
+def has_request_context():
     """If you have code that wants to test if a request context is there or
     not this function can be used.  For instance, you may want to take advantage
     of request information if the request object is available, but fail
@@ -206,7 +192,7 @@ def has_request_context() -> bool:
     return _request_ctx_stack.top is not None
 
 
-def has_app_context() -> bool:
+def has_app_context():
     """Works like :func:`has_request_context` but for the application
     context.  You can also just do a boolean check on the
     :data:`current_app` object instead.
@@ -216,7 +202,7 @@ def has_app_context() -> bool:
     return _app_ctx_stack.top is not None
 
 
-class AppContext:
+class AppContext(object):
     """The application context binds an application object implicitly
     to the current thread or greenlet, similar to how the
     :class:`RequestContext` binds request information.  The application
@@ -225,7 +211,7 @@ class AppContext:
     context.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, app: "Flask") -> None:
+    def __init__(self, app):
         self.app = app
         self.url_adapter = app.create_url_adapter(None)
         self.g = app.app_ctx_globals_class()
@@ -234,13 +220,15 @@ class AppContext:
         # but there a basic "refcount" is enough to track them.
         self._refcnt = 0
 
-    def push(self) -> None:
+    def push(self):
         """Binds the app context to the current context."""
         self._refcnt += 1
+        if hasattr(sys, "exc_clear"):
+            sys.exc_clear()
         _app_ctx_stack.push(self)
         appcontext_pushed.send(self.app)
 
-    def pop(self, exc: t.Optional[BaseException] = _sentinel) -> None:  # type: ignore
+    def pop(self, exc=_sentinel):
         """Pops the app context."""
         try:
             self._refcnt -= 1
@@ -250,20 +238,21 @@ class AppContext:
                 self.app.do_teardown_appcontext(exc)
         finally:
             rv = _app_ctx_stack.pop()
-        assert rv is self, f"Popped wrong app context.  ({rv!r} instead of {self!r})"
+        assert rv is self, "Popped wrong app context.  (%r instead of %r)" % (rv, self)
         appcontext_popped.send(self.app)
 
-    def __enter__(self) -> "AppContext":
+    def __enter__(self):
         self.push()
         return self
 
-    def __exit__(
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
-        self, exc_type: type, exc_value: BaseException, tb: TracebackType
-    ) -> None:
         self.pop(exc_value)
 
+        if BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT and exc_type is not None:
+            reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
 
-class RequestContext:
+
+class RequestContext(object):
     """The request context contains all request relevant information.  It is
     created at the beginning of the request and pushed to the
     `_request_ctx_stack` and removed at the end of it.  It will create the
@@ -293,13 +282,7 @@ class RequestContext:
     that situation, otherwise your unittests will leak memory.
     """
 
-    def __init__(
+    def __init__(self, app, environ, request=None, session=None):
-        self,
-        app: "Flask",
-        environ: dict,
-        request: t.Optional["Request"] = None,
-        session: t.Optional["SessionMixin"] = None,
-    ) -> None:
         self.app = app
         if request is None:
             request = app.request_class(environ)
@@ -316,7 +299,7 @@ class RequestContext:
         # other request contexts.  Now only if the last level is popped we
         # get rid of them.  Additionally if an application context is missing
         # one is created implicitly so for each level we add this information
-        self._implicit_app_ctx_stack: t.List[t.Optional["AppContext"]] = []
+        self._implicit_app_ctx_stack = []
 
         # indicator if the context was preserved.  Next time another context
         # is pushed the preserved context is popped.
@@ -329,17 +312,17 @@ class RequestContext:
         # Functions that should be executed after the request on the response
         # object.  These will be called before the regular "after_request"
         # functions.
-        self._after_request_functions: t.List[AfterRequestCallable] = []
+        self._after_request_functions = []
 
     @property
-    def g(self) -> AppContext:
+    def g(self):
         return _app_ctx_stack.top.g
 
     @g.setter
-    def g(self, value: AppContext) -> None:
+    def g(self, value):
         _app_ctx_stack.top.g = value
 
-    def copy(self) -> "RequestContext":
+    def copy(self):
         """Creates a copy of this request context with the same request object.
         This can be used to move a request context to a different greenlet.
         Because the actual request object is the same this cannot be used to
@@ -359,17 +342,17 @@ class RequestContext:
             session=self.session,
         )
 
-    def match_request(self) -> None:
+    def match_request(self):
         """Can be overridden by a subclass to hook into the matching
         of the request.
         """
         try:
-            result = self.url_adapter.match(return_rule=True)  # type: ignore
+            result = self.url_adapter.match(return_rule=True)
-            self.request.url_rule, self.request.view_args = result  # type: ignore
+            self.request.url_rule, self.request.view_args = result
         except HTTPException as e:
             self.request.routing_exception = e
 
-    def push(self) -> None:
+    def push(self):
         """Binds the request context to the current context."""
         # If an exception occurs in debug mode or if context preservation is
         # activated under exception situations exactly one context stays
@@ -393,6 +376,9 @@ class RequestContext:
         else:
             self._implicit_app_ctx_stack.append(None)
 
+        if hasattr(sys, "exc_clear"):
+            sys.exc_clear()
+
         _request_ctx_stack.push(self)
 
         # Open the session at the moment that the request context is available.
@@ -406,12 +392,10 @@ class RequestContext:
             if self.session is None:
                 self.session = session_interface.make_null_session(self.app)
 
-        # Match the request URL after loading the session, so that the
-        # session is available in custom URL converters.
         if self.url_adapter is not None:
             self.match_request()
 
-    def pop(self, exc: t.Optional[BaseException] = _sentinel) -> None:  # type: ignore
+    def pop(self, exc=_sentinel):
         """Pops the request context and unbinds it by doing that.  This will
         also trigger the execution of functions registered by the
         :meth:`~flask.Flask.teardown_request` decorator.
@@ -420,9 +404,9 @@ class RequestContext:
            Added the `exc` argument.
         """
         app_ctx = self._implicit_app_ctx_stack.pop()
-        clear_request = False
 
         try:
+            clear_request = False
             if not self._implicit_app_ctx_stack:
                 self.preserved = False
                 self._preserved_exc = None
@@ -430,6 +414,13 @@ class RequestContext:
                     exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
                 self.app.do_teardown_request(exc)
 
+                # If this interpreter supports clearing the exception information
+                # we do that now.  This will only go into effect on Python 2.x,
+                # on 3.x it disappears automatically at the end of the exception
+                # stack.
+                if hasattr(sys, "exc_clear"):
+                    sys.exc_clear()
+
                 request_close = getattr(self.request, "close", None)
                 if request_close is not None:
                     request_close()
@@ -446,26 +437,25 @@ class RequestContext:
             if app_ctx is not None:
                 app_ctx.pop(exc)
 
-            assert (
+            assert rv is self, "Popped wrong request context. (%r instead of %r)" % (
-                rv is self
+                rv,
-            ), f"Popped wrong request context. ({rv!r} instead of {self!r})"
+                self,
+            )
 
-    def auto_pop(self, exc: t.Optional[BaseException]) -> None:
+    def auto_pop(self, exc):
         if self.request.environ.get("flask._preserve_context") or (
             exc is not None and self.app.preserve_context_on_exception
         ):
             self.preserved = True
-            self._preserved_exc = exc  # type: ignore
+            self._preserved_exc = exc
         else:
             self.pop(exc)
 
-    def __enter__(self) -> "RequestContext":
+    def __enter__(self):
         self.push()
         return self
 
-    def __exit__(
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
-        self, exc_type: type, exc_value: BaseException, tb: TracebackType
-    ) -> None:
         # do not pop the request stack if we are in debug mode and an
         # exception happened.  This will allow the debugger to still
         # access the request object in the interactive shell.  Furthermore
@@ -473,8 +463,13 @@ class RequestContext:
         # See flask.testing for how this works.
         self.auto_pop(exc_value)
 
-    def __repr__(self) -> str:
+        if BROKEN_PYPY_CTXMGR_EXIT and exc_type is not None:
-        return (
+            reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
-            f"<{type(self).__name__} {self.request.url!r}"
+
-            f" [{self.request.method}] of {self.app.name}>"
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return "<%s '%s' [%s] of %s>" % (
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            self.request.url,
+            self.request.method,
+            self.app.name,
         )

src/flask/debughelpers.py

@@ -1,7 +1,18 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+    flask.debughelpers
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Various helpers to make the development experience better.
+
+    :copyright: 2010 Pallets
+    :license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
 import os
-import typing as t
 from warnings import warn
 
+from ._compat import implements_to_string
+from ._compat import text_type
 from .app import Flask
 from .blueprints import Blueprint
 from .globals import _request_ctx_stack
@@ -13,6 +24,7 @@ class UnexpectedUnicodeError(AssertionError, UnicodeError):
     """
 
 
+@implements_to_string
 class DebugFilesKeyError(KeyError, AssertionError):
     """Raised from request.files during debugging.  The idea is that it can
     provide a better error message than just a generic KeyError/BadRequest.
@@ -21,18 +33,17 @@ class DebugFilesKeyError(KeyError, AssertionError):
     def __init__(self, request, key):
         form_matches = request.form.getlist(key)
         buf = [
-            f"You tried to access the file {key!r} in the request.files"
+            'You tried to access the file "%s" in the request.files '
-            " dictionary but it does not exist. The mimetype for the"
+            "dictionary but it does not exist.  The mimetype for the request "
-            f" request is {request.mimetype!r} instead of"
+            'is "%s" instead of "multipart/form-data" which means that no '
-            " 'multipart/form-data' which means that no file contents"
+            "file contents were transmitted.  To fix this error you should "
-            " were transmitted. To fix this error you should provide"
+            'provide enctype="multipart/form-data" in your form.'
-            ' enctype="multipart/form-data" in your form.'
+            % (key, request.mimetype)
         ]
         if form_matches:
-            names = ", ".join(repr(x) for x in form_matches)
             buf.append(
                 "\n\nThe browser instead transmitted some file names. "
-                f"This was submitted: {names}"
+                "This was submitted: %s" % ", ".join('"%s"' % x for x in form_matches)
             )
         self.msg = "".join(buf)
 
@@ -49,24 +60,24 @@ class FormDataRoutingRedirect(AssertionError):
     def __init__(self, request):
         exc = request.routing_exception
         buf = [
-            f"A request was sent to this URL ({request.url}) but a"
+            "A request was sent to this URL (%s) but a redirect was "
-            " redirect was issued automatically by the routing system"
+            'issued automatically by the routing system to "%s".'
-            f" to {exc.new_url!r}."
+            % (request.url, exc.new_url)
         ]
 
         # In case just a slash was appended we can be extra helpful
-        if f"{request.base_url}/" == exc.new_url.split("?")[0]:
+        if request.base_url + "/" == exc.new_url.split("?")[0]:
             buf.append(
-                "  The URL was defined with a trailing slash so Flask"
+                "  The URL was defined with a trailing slash so "
-                " will automatically redirect to the URL with the"
+                "Flask will automatically redirect to the URL "
-                " trailing slash if it was accessed without one."
+                "with the trailing slash if it was accessed "
+                "without one."
             )
 
         buf.append(
-            "  Make sure to directly send your"
+            "  Make sure to directly send your %s-request to this URL "
-            f" {request.method}-request to this URL since we can't make"
+            "since we can't make browsers or HTTP clients redirect "
-            " browsers or HTTP clients redirect with form data reliably"
+            "with form data reliably or without user interaction." % request.method
-            " or without user interaction."
         )
         buf.append("\n\nNote: this exception is only raised in debug mode")
         AssertionError.__init__(self, "".join(buf).encode("utf-8"))
@@ -93,26 +104,26 @@ def attach_enctype_error_multidict(request):
     request.files.__class__ = newcls
 
 
-def _dump_loader_info(loader) -> t.Generator:
+def _dump_loader_info(loader):
-    yield f"class: {type(loader).__module__}.{type(loader).__name__}"
+    yield "class: %s.%s" % (type(loader).__module__, type(loader).__name__)
     for key, value in sorted(loader.__dict__.items()):
         if key.startswith("_"):
             continue
         if isinstance(value, (tuple, list)):
-            if not all(isinstance(x, str) for x in value):
+            if not all(isinstance(x, (str, text_type)) for x in value):
                 continue
-            yield f"{key}:"
+            yield "%s:" % key
             for item in value:
-                yield f"  - {item}"
+                yield "  - %s" % item
             continue
-        elif not isinstance(value, (str, int, float, bool)):
+        elif not isinstance(value, (str, text_type, int, float, bool)):
             continue
-        yield f"{key}: {value!r}"
+        yield "%s: %r" % (key, value)
 
 
-def explain_template_loading_attempts(app: Flask, template, attempts) -> None:
+def explain_template_loading_attempts(app, template, attempts):
     """This should help developers understand what failed"""
-    info = [f"Locating template {template!r}:"]
+    info = ['Locating template "%s":' % template]
     total_found = 0
     blueprint = None
     reqctx = _request_ctx_stack.top
@@ -121,23 +132,23 @@ def explain_template_loading_attempts(app: Flask, template, attempts) -> None:
 
     for idx, (loader, srcobj, triple) in enumerate(attempts):
         if isinstance(srcobj, Flask):
-            src_info = f"application {srcobj.import_name!r}"
+            src_info = 'application "%s"' % srcobj.import_name
         elif isinstance(srcobj, Blueprint):
-            src_info = f"blueprint {srcobj.name!r} ({srcobj.import_name})"
+            src_info = 'blueprint "%s" (%s)' % (srcobj.name, srcobj.import_name)
         else:
             src_info = repr(srcobj)
 
-        info.append(f"{idx + 1:5}: trying loader of {src_info}")
+        info.append("% 5d: trying loader of %s" % (idx + 1, src_info))
 
         for line in _dump_loader_info(loader):
-            info.append(f"       {line}")
+            info.append("       %s" % line)
 
         if triple is None:
             detail = "no match"
         else:
-            detail = f"found ({triple[1] or '<string>'!r})"
+            detail = "found (%r)" % (triple[1] or "<string>")
             total_found += 1
-        info.append(f"       -> {detail}")
+        info.append("       -> %s" % detail)
 
     seems_fishy = False
     if total_found == 0:
@@ -149,23 +160,24 @@ def explain_template_loading_attempts(app: Flask, template, attempts) -> None:
 
     if blueprint is not None and seems_fishy:
         info.append(
-            "  The template was looked up from an endpoint that belongs"
+            "  The template was looked up from an endpoint that "
-            f" to the blueprint {blueprint!r}."
+            'belongs to the blueprint "%s".' % blueprint
         )
         info.append("  Maybe you did not place a template in the right folder?")
-        info.append("  See https://flask.palletsprojects.com/blueprints/#templates")
+        info.append("  See http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/blueprints/#templates")
 
     app.logger.info("\n".join(info))
 
 
-def explain_ignored_app_run() -> None:
+def explain_ignored_app_run():
     if os.environ.get("WERKZEUG_RUN_MAIN") != "true":
         warn(
             Warning(
-                "Silently ignoring app.run() because the application is"
+                "Silently ignoring app.run() because the "
-                " run from the flask command line executable. Consider"
+                "application is run from the flask command line "
-                ' putting app.run() behind an if __name__ == "__main__"'
+                "executable.  Consider putting app.run() behind an "
-                " guard to silence this warning."
+                'if __name__ == "__main__" guard to silence this '
+                "warning."
             ),
             stacklevel=3,
         )

src/flask/globals.py

@@ -1,14 +1,19 @@
-import typing as t
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+    flask.globals
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Defines all the global objects that are proxies to the current
+    active context.
+
+    :copyright: 2010 Pallets
+    :license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
 from functools import partial
 
 from werkzeug.local import LocalProxy
 from werkzeug.local import LocalStack
 
-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from .app import Flask
-    from .ctx import _AppCtxGlobals
-    from .sessions import SessionMixin
-    from .wrappers import Request
 
 _request_ctx_err_msg = """\
 Working outside of request context.
@@ -51,9 +56,7 @@ def _find_app():
 # context locals
 _request_ctx_stack = LocalStack()
 _app_ctx_stack = LocalStack()
-current_app: "Flask" = LocalProxy(_find_app)  # type: ignore
+current_app = LocalProxy(_find_app)
-request: "Request" = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_req_object, "request"))  # type: ignore
+request = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_req_object, "request"))
-session: "SessionMixin" = LocalProxy(  # type: ignore
+session = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_req_object, "session"))
-    partial(_lookup_req_object, "session")
+g = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_app_object, "g"))
-)
-g: "_AppCtxGlobals" = LocalProxy(partial(_lookup_app_object, "g"))  # type: ignore

src/flask/json/__init__.py

@@ -1,318 +1,337 @@
-import io
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-import json as _json
+"""
-import typing as t
+flask.json
-import uuid
+~~~~~~~~~~
-import warnings
-from datetime import date
 
-from jinja2.utils import htmlsafe_json_dumps as _jinja_htmlsafe_dumps
+:copyright: 2010 Pallets
+:license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
+import codecs
+import io
+import uuid
+from datetime import date
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from itsdangerous import json as _json
+from jinja2 import Markup
 from werkzeug.http import http_date
 
+from .._compat import PY2
+from .._compat import text_type
 from ..globals import current_app
 from ..globals import request
 
-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from ..app import Flask
-    from ..wrappers import Response
-
 try:
     import dataclasses
 except ImportError:
-    # Python < 3.7
+    dataclasses = None
-    dataclasses = None  # type: ignore
+
+# Figure out if simplejson escapes slashes.  This behavior was changed
+# from one version to another without reason.
+_slash_escape = "\\/" not in _json.dumps("/")
+
+
+__all__ = [
+    "dump",
+    "dumps",
+    "load",
+    "loads",
+    "htmlsafe_dump",
+    "htmlsafe_dumps",
+    "JSONDecoder",
+    "JSONEncoder",
+    "jsonify",
+]
+
+
+def _wrap_reader_for_text(fp, encoding):
+    if isinstance(fp.read(0), bytes):
+        fp = io.TextIOWrapper(io.BufferedReader(fp), encoding)
+    return fp
+
+
+def _wrap_writer_for_text(fp, encoding):
+    try:
+        fp.write("")
+    except TypeError:
+        fp = io.TextIOWrapper(fp, encoding)
+    return fp
 
 
 class JSONEncoder(_json.JSONEncoder):
-    """The default JSON encoder. Handles extra types compared to the
+    """The default Flask JSON encoder. This one extends the default
-    built-in :class:`json.JSONEncoder`.
+    encoder by also supporting ``datetime``, ``UUID``, ``dataclasses``,
+    and ``Markup`` objects.
 
-    -   :class:`datetime.datetime` and :class:`datetime.date` are
+    ``datetime`` objects are serialized as RFC 822 datetime strings.
-        serialized to :rfc:`822` strings. This is the same as the HTTP
+    This is the same as the HTTP date format.
-        date format.
-    -   :class:`uuid.UUID` is serialized to a string.
-    -   :class:`dataclasses.dataclass` is passed to
-        :func:`dataclasses.asdict`.
-    -   :class:`~markupsafe.Markup` (or any object with a ``__html__``
-        method) will call the ``__html__`` method to get a string.
 
-    Assign a subclass of this to :attr:`flask.Flask.json_encoder` or
+    In order to support more data types, override the :meth:`default`
-    :attr:`flask.Blueprint.json_encoder` to override the default.
+    method.
     """
 
-    def default(self, o: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    def default(self, o):
-        """Convert ``o`` to a JSON serializable type. See
+        """Implement this method in a subclass such that it returns a
-        :meth:`json.JSONEncoder.default`. Python does not support
+        serializable object for ``o``, or calls the base implementation (to
-        overriding how basic types like ``str`` or ``list`` are
+        raise a :exc:`TypeError`).
-        serialized, they are handled before this method.
+
+        For example, to support arbitrary iterators, you could implement
+        default like this::
+
+            def default(self, o):
+                try:
+                    iterable = iter(o)
+                except TypeError:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    return list(iterable)
+                return JSONEncoder.default(self, o)
         """
+        if isinstance(o, datetime):
+            return http_date(o.utctimetuple())
         if isinstance(o, date):
-            return http_date(o)
+            return http_date(o.timetuple())
         if isinstance(o, uuid.UUID):
             return str(o)
         if dataclasses and dataclasses.is_dataclass(o):
             return dataclasses.asdict(o)
         if hasattr(o, "__html__"):
-            return str(o.__html__())
+            return text_type(o.__html__())
-        return super().default(o)
+        return _json.JSONEncoder.default(self, o)
 
 
 class JSONDecoder(_json.JSONDecoder):
-    """The default JSON decoder.
+    """The default JSON decoder.  This one does not change the behavior from
-
+    the default simplejson decoder.  Consult the :mod:`json` documentation
-    This does not change any behavior from the built-in
+    for more information.  This decoder is not only used for the load
-    :class:`json.JSONDecoder`.
+    functions of this module but also :attr:`~flask.Request`.
-
-    Assign a subclass of this to :attr:`flask.Flask.json_decoder` or
-    :attr:`flask.Blueprint.json_decoder` to override the default.
     """
 
 
-def _dump_arg_defaults(
+def _dump_arg_defaults(kwargs, app=None):
-    kwargs: t.Dict[str, t.Any], app: t.Optional["Flask"] = None
-) -> None:
     """Inject default arguments for dump functions."""
     if app is None:
         app = current_app
 
     if app:
-        cls = app.json_encoder
+        bp = app.blueprints.get(request.blueprint) if request else None
-        bp = app.blueprints.get(request.blueprint) if request else None  # type: ignore
+        kwargs.setdefault(
-        if bp is not None and bp.json_encoder is not None:
+            "cls", bp.json_encoder if bp and bp.json_encoder else app.json_encoder
-            cls = bp.json_encoder
+        )
+
+        if not app.config["JSON_AS_ASCII"]:
+            kwargs.setdefault("ensure_ascii", False)
 
-        kwargs.setdefault("cls", cls)
-        kwargs.setdefault("ensure_ascii", app.config["JSON_AS_ASCII"])
         kwargs.setdefault("sort_keys", app.config["JSON_SORT_KEYS"])
     else:
         kwargs.setdefault("sort_keys", True)
         kwargs.setdefault("cls", JSONEncoder)
 
 
-def _load_arg_defaults(
+def _load_arg_defaults(kwargs, app=None):
-    kwargs: t.Dict[str, t.Any], app: t.Optional["Flask"] = None
-) -> None:
     """Inject default arguments for load functions."""
     if app is None:
         app = current_app
 
     if app:
-        cls = app.json_decoder
+        bp = app.blueprints.get(request.blueprint) if request else None
-        bp = app.blueprints.get(request.blueprint) if request else None  # type: ignore
+        kwargs.setdefault(
-        if bp is not None and bp.json_decoder is not None:
+            "cls", bp.json_decoder if bp and bp.json_decoder else app.json_decoder
-            cls = bp.json_decoder
+        )
-
-        kwargs.setdefault("cls", cls)
     else:
         kwargs.setdefault("cls", JSONDecoder)
 
 
-def dumps(obj: t.Any, app: t.Optional["Flask"] = None, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:
+def detect_encoding(data):
-    """Serialize an object to a string of JSON.
+    """Detect which UTF codec was used to encode the given bytes.
 
-    Takes the same arguments as the built-in :func:`json.dumps`, with
+    The latest JSON standard (:rfc:`8259`) suggests that only UTF-8 is
-    some defaults from application configuration.
+    accepted. Older documents allowed 8, 16, or 32. 16 and 32 can be big
+    or little endian. Some editors or libraries may prepend a BOM.
+
+    :param data: Bytes in unknown UTF encoding.
+    :return: UTF encoding name
+    """
+    head = data[:4]
+
+    if head[:3] == codecs.BOM_UTF8:
+        return "utf-8-sig"
+
+    if b"\x00" not in head:
+        return "utf-8"
+
+    if head in (codecs.BOM_UTF32_BE, codecs.BOM_UTF32_LE):
+        return "utf-32"
+
+    if head[:2] in (codecs.BOM_UTF16_BE, codecs.BOM_UTF16_LE):
+        return "utf-16"
+
+    if len(head) == 4:
+        if head[:3] == b"\x00\x00\x00":
+            return "utf-32-be"
+
+        if head[::2] == b"\x00\x00":
+            return "utf-16-be"
+
+        if head[1:] == b"\x00\x00\x00":
+            return "utf-32-le"
+
+        if head[1::2] == b"\x00\x00":
+            return "utf-16-le"
+
+    if len(head) == 2:
+        return "utf-16-be" if head.startswith(b"\x00") else "utf-16-le"
+
+    return "utf-8"
+
+
+def dumps(obj, app=None, **kwargs):
+    """Serialize ``obj`` to a JSON-formatted string. If there is an
+    app context pushed, use the current app's configured encoder
+    (:attr:`~flask.Flask.json_encoder`), or fall back to the default
+    :class:`JSONEncoder`.
+
+    Takes the same arguments as the built-in :func:`json.dumps`, and
+    does some extra configuration based on the application. If the
+    simplejson package is installed, it is preferred.
 
     :param obj: Object to serialize to JSON.
-    :param app: Use this app's config instead of the active app context
+    :param app: App instance to use to configure the JSON encoder.
-        or defaults.
+        Uses ``current_app`` if not given, and falls back to the default
+        encoder when not in an app context.
     :param kwargs: Extra arguments passed to :func:`json.dumps`.
 
-    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
-        ``encoding`` is deprecated and will be removed in Flask 2.1.
-
     .. versionchanged:: 1.0.3
+
         ``app`` can be passed directly, rather than requiring an app
         context for configuration.
     """
     _dump_arg_defaults(kwargs, app=app)
     encoding = kwargs.pop("encoding", None)
     rv = _json.dumps(obj, **kwargs)
-
+    if encoding is not None and isinstance(rv, text_type):
-    if encoding is not None:
+        rv = rv.encode(encoding)
-        warnings.warn(
-            "'encoding' is deprecated and will be removed in Flask 2.1.",
-            DeprecationWarning,
-            stacklevel=2,
-        )
-
-        if isinstance(rv, str):
-            return rv.encode(encoding)  # type: ignore
-
     return rv
 
 
-def dump(
+def dump(obj, fp, app=None, **kwargs):
-    obj: t.Any, fp: t.IO[str], app: t.Optional["Flask"] = None, **kwargs: t.Any
+    """Like :func:`dumps` but writes into a file object."""
-) -> None:
-    """Serialize an object to JSON written to a file object.
-
-    Takes the same arguments as the built-in :func:`json.dump`, with
-    some defaults from application configuration.
-
-    :param obj: Object to serialize to JSON.
-    :param fp: File object to write JSON to.
-    :param app: Use this app's config instead of the active app context
-        or defaults.
-    :param kwargs: Extra arguments passed to :func:`json.dump`.
-
-    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
-        Writing to a binary file, and the ``encoding`` argument, is
-        deprecated and will be removed in Flask 2.1.
-    """
     _dump_arg_defaults(kwargs, app=app)
     encoding = kwargs.pop("encoding", None)
-    show_warning = encoding is not None
+    if encoding is not None:
-
+        fp = _wrap_writer_for_text(fp, encoding)
-    try:
-        fp.write("")
-    except TypeError:
-        show_warning = True
-        fp = io.TextIOWrapper(fp, encoding or "utf-8")  # type: ignore
-
-    if show_warning:
-        warnings.warn(
-            "Writing to a binary file, and the 'encoding' argument, is"
-            " deprecated and will be removed in Flask 2.1.",
-            DeprecationWarning,
-            stacklevel=2,
-        )
-
     _json.dump(obj, fp, **kwargs)
 
 
-def loads(s: str, app: t.Optional["Flask"] = None, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+def loads(s, app=None, **kwargs):
-    """Deserialize an object from a string of JSON.
+    """Deserialize an object from a JSON-formatted string ``s``. If
+    there is an app context pushed, use the current app's configured
+    decoder (:attr:`~flask.Flask.json_decoder`), or fall back to the
+    default :class:`JSONDecoder`.
 
-    Takes the same arguments as the built-in :func:`json.loads`, with
+    Takes the same arguments as the built-in :func:`json.loads`, and
-    some defaults from application configuration.
+    does some extra configuration based on the application. If the
+    simplejson package is installed, it is preferred.
 
     :param s: JSON string to deserialize.
-    :param app: Use this app's config instead of the active app context
+    :param app: App instance to use to configure the JSON decoder.
-        or defaults.
+        Uses ``current_app`` if not given, and falls back to the default
+        encoder when not in an app context.
     :param kwargs: Extra arguments passed to :func:`json.loads`.
 
-    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
-        ``encoding`` is deprecated and will be removed in Flask 2.1. The
-        data must be a string or UTF-8 bytes.
-
     .. versionchanged:: 1.0.3
+
         ``app`` can be passed directly, rather than requiring an app
         context for configuration.
     """
     _load_arg_defaults(kwargs, app=app)
-    encoding = kwargs.pop("encoding", None)
-
-    if encoding is not None:
-        warnings.warn(
-            "'encoding' is deprecated and will be removed in Flask 2.1."
-            " The data must be a string or UTF-8 bytes.",
-            DeprecationWarning,
-            stacklevel=2,
-        )
-
     if isinstance(s, bytes):
+        encoding = kwargs.pop("encoding", None)
+        if encoding is None:
+            encoding = detect_encoding(s)
         s = s.decode(encoding)
-
     return _json.loads(s, **kwargs)
 
 
-def load(fp: t.IO[str], app: t.Optional["Flask"] = None, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+def load(fp, app=None, **kwargs):
-    """Deserialize an object from JSON read from a file object.
+    """Like :func:`loads` but reads from a file object."""
-
-    Takes the same arguments as the built-in :func:`json.load`, with
-    some defaults from application configuration.
-
-    :param fp: File object to read JSON from.
-    :param app: Use this app's config instead of the active app context
-        or defaults.
-    :param kwargs: Extra arguments passed to :func:`json.load`.
-
-    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
-        ``encoding`` is deprecated and will be removed in Flask 2.1. The
-        file must be text mode, or binary mode with UTF-8 bytes.
-    """
     _load_arg_defaults(kwargs, app=app)
-    encoding = kwargs.pop("encoding", None)
+    if not PY2:
-
+        fp = _wrap_reader_for_text(fp, kwargs.pop("encoding", None) or "utf-8")
-    if encoding is not None:
-        warnings.warn(
-            "'encoding' is deprecated and will be removed in Flask 2.1."
-            " The file must be text mode, or binary mode with UTF-8"
-            " bytes.",
-            DeprecationWarning,
-            stacklevel=2,
-        )
-
-        if isinstance(fp.read(0), bytes):
-            fp = io.TextIOWrapper(fp, encoding)  # type: ignore
-
     return _json.load(fp, **kwargs)
 
 
-def htmlsafe_dumps(obj: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:
+def htmlsafe_dumps(obj, **kwargs):
-    """Serialize an object to a string of JSON with :func:`dumps`, then
+    """Works exactly like :func:`dumps` but is safe for use in ``<script>``
-    replace HTML-unsafe characters with Unicode escapes and mark the
+    tags.  It accepts the same arguments and returns a JSON string.  Note that
-    result safe with :class:`~markupsafe.Markup`.
+    this is available in templates through the ``|tojson`` filter which will
+    also mark the result as safe.  Due to how this function escapes certain
+    characters this is safe even if used outside of ``<script>`` tags.
 
-    This is available in templates as the ``|tojson`` filter.
+    The following characters are escaped in strings:
 
-    The returned string is safe to render in HTML documents and
+    -   ``<``
-    ``<script>`` tags. The exception is in HTML attributes that are
+    -   ``>``
-    double quoted; either use single quotes or the ``|forceescape``
+    -   ``&``
-    filter.
+    -   ``'``
 
-    .. versionchanged:: 2.0
+    This makes it safe to embed such strings in any place in HTML with the
-        Uses :func:`jinja2.utils.htmlsafe_json_dumps`. The returned
+    notable exception of double quoted attributes.  In that case single
-        value is marked safe by wrapping in :class:`~markupsafe.Markup`.
+    quote your attributes or HTML escape it in addition.
 
     .. versionchanged:: 0.10
-        Single quotes are escaped, making this safe to use in HTML,
+       This function's return value is now always safe for HTML usage, even
-        ``<script>`` tags, and single-quoted attributes without further
+       if outside of script tags or if used in XHTML.  This rule does not
-        escaping.
+       hold true when using this function in HTML attributes that are double
+       quoted.  Always single quote attributes if you use the ``|tojson``
+       filter.  Alternatively use ``|tojson|forceescape``.
     """
-    return _jinja_htmlsafe_dumps(obj, dumps=dumps, **kwargs)
+    rv = (
+        dumps(obj, **kwargs)
+        .replace(u"<", u"\\u003c")
+        .replace(u">", u"\\u003e")
+        .replace(u"&", u"\\u0026")
+        .replace(u"'", u"\\u0027")
+    )
+    if not _slash_escape:
+        rv = rv.replace("\\/", "/")
+    return rv
 
 
-def htmlsafe_dump(obj: t.Any, fp: t.IO[str], **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+def htmlsafe_dump(obj, fp, **kwargs):
-    """Serialize an object to JSON written to a file object, replacing
+    """Like :func:`htmlsafe_dumps` but writes into a file object."""
-    HTML-unsafe characters with Unicode escapes. See
+    fp.write(text_type(htmlsafe_dumps(obj, **kwargs)))
-    :func:`htmlsafe_dumps` and :func:`dumps`.
-    """
-    fp.write(htmlsafe_dumps(obj, **kwargs))
 
 
-def jsonify(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> "Response":
+def jsonify(*args, **kwargs):
-    """Serialize data to JSON and wrap it in a :class:`~flask.Response`
+    """This function wraps :func:`dumps` to add a few enhancements that make
-    with the :mimetype:`application/json` mimetype.
+    life easier.  It turns the JSON output into a :class:`~flask.Response`
+    object with the :mimetype:`application/json` mimetype.  For convenience, it
+    also converts multiple arguments into an array or multiple keyword arguments
+    into a dict.  This means that both ``jsonify(1,2,3)`` and
+    ``jsonify([1,2,3])`` serialize to ``[1,2,3]``.
 
-    Uses :func:`dumps` to serialize the data, but ``args`` and
+    For clarity, the JSON serialization behavior has the following differences
-    ``kwargs`` are treated as data rather than arguments to
+    from :func:`dumps`:
-    :func:`json.dumps`.
 
-    1.  Single argument: Treated as a single value.
+    1. Single argument: Passed straight through to :func:`dumps`.
-    2.  Multiple arguments: Treated as a list of values.
+    2. Multiple arguments: Converted to an array before being passed to
-        ``jsonify(1, 2, 3)`` is the same as ``jsonify([1, 2, 3])``.
+       :func:`dumps`.
-    3.  Keyword arguments: Treated as a dict of values.
+    3. Multiple keyword arguments: Converted to a dict before being passed to
-        ``jsonify(data=data, errors=errors)`` is the same as
+       :func:`dumps`.
-        ``jsonify({"data": data, "errors": errors})``.
+    4. Both args and kwargs: Behavior undefined and will throw an exception.
-    4.  Passing both arguments and keyword arguments is not allowed as
-        it's not clear what should happen.
 
-    .. code-block:: python
+    Example usage::
 
         from flask import jsonify
 
-        @app.route("/users/me")
+        @app.route('/_get_current_user')
         def get_current_user():
-            return jsonify(
+            return jsonify(username=g.user.username,
-                username=g.user.username,
                            email=g.user.email,
-                id=g.user.id,
+                           id=g.user.id)
-            )
 
-    Will return a JSON response like this:
+    This will send a JSON response like this to the browser::
-
-    .. code-block:: javascript
 
         {
             "username": "admin",
@@ -320,16 +339,19 @@ def jsonify(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> "Response":
             "id": 42
         }
 
-    The default output omits indents and spaces after separators. In
-    debug mode or if :data:`JSONIFY_PRETTYPRINT_REGULAR` is ``True``,
-    the output will be formatted to be easier to read.
 
     .. versionchanged:: 0.11
-        Added support for serializing top-level arrays. This introduces
+       Added support for serializing top-level arrays. This introduces a
-        a security risk in ancient browsers. See :ref:`security-json`.
+       security risk in ancient browsers. See :ref:`json-security` for details.
+
+    This function's response will be pretty printed if the
+    ``JSONIFY_PRETTYPRINT_REGULAR`` config parameter is set to True or the
+    Flask app is running in debug mode. Compressed (not pretty) formatting
+    currently means no indents and no spaces after separators.
 
     .. versionadded:: 0.2
     """
+
     indent = None
     separators = (",", ":")
 
@@ -345,6 +367,10 @@ def jsonify(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> "Response":
         data = args or kwargs
 
     return current_app.response_class(
-        f"{dumps(data, indent=indent, separators=separators)}\n",
+        dumps(data, indent=indent, separators=separators) + "\n",
         mimetype=current_app.config["JSONIFY_MIMETYPE"],
     )
+
+
+def tojson_filter(obj, **kwargs):
+    return Markup(htmlsafe_dumps(obj, **kwargs))

src/flask/json/tag.py

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 """
 Tagged JSON
 ~~~~~~~~~~~
 
-A compact representation for lossless serialization of non-standard JSON
+A compact representation for lossless serialization of non-standard JSON types.
-types. :class:`~flask.sessions.SecureCookieSessionInterface` uses this
+:class:`~flask.sessions.SecureCookieSessionInterface` uses this to serialize
-to serialize the session data, but it may be useful in other places. It
+the session data, but it may be useful in other places. It can be extended to
-can be extended to support other types.
+support other types.
 
 .. autoclass:: TaggedJSONSerializer
     :members:
@@ -13,15 +14,12 @@ can be extended to support other types.
 .. autoclass:: JSONTag
     :members:
 
-Let's see an example that adds support for
+Let's seen an example that adds support for :class:`~collections.OrderedDict`.
-:class:`~collections.OrderedDict`. Dicts don't have an order in JSON, so
+Dicts don't have an order in Python or JSON, so to handle this we will dump
-to handle this we will dump the items as a list of ``[key, value]``
+the items as a list of ``[key, value]`` pairs. Subclass :class:`JSONTag` and
-pairs. Subclass :class:`JSONTag` and give it the new key ``' od'`` to
+give it the new key ``' od'`` to identify the type. The session serializer
-identify the type. The session serializer processes dicts first, so
+processes dicts first, so insert the new tag at the front of the order since
-insert the new tag at the front of the order since ``OrderedDict`` must
+``OrderedDict`` must be processed before ``dict``. ::
-be processed before ``dict``.
-
-.. code-block:: python
 
     from flask.json.tag import JSONTag
 
@@ -39,49 +37,53 @@ be processed before ``dict``.
             return OrderedDict(value)
 
     app.session_interface.serializer.register(TagOrderedDict, index=0)
+
+:copyright: 2010 Pallets
+:license: BSD-3-Clause
 """
-import typing as t
 from base64 import b64decode
 from base64 import b64encode
 from datetime import datetime
 from uuid import UUID
 
-from markupsafe import Markup
+from jinja2 import Markup
 from werkzeug.http import http_date
 from werkzeug.http import parse_date
 
+from .._compat import iteritems
+from .._compat import text_type
 from ..json import dumps
 from ..json import loads
 
 
-class JSONTag:
+class JSONTag(object):
     """Base class for defining type tags for :class:`TaggedJSONSerializer`."""
 
     __slots__ = ("serializer",)
 
     #: The tag to mark the serialized object with. If ``None``, this tag is
     #: only used as an intermediate step during tagging.
-    key: t.Optional[str] = None
+    key = None
 
-    def __init__(self, serializer: "TaggedJSONSerializer") -> None:
+    def __init__(self, serializer):
         """Create a tagger for the given serializer."""
         self.serializer = serializer
 
-    def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    def check(self, value):
         """Check if the given value should be tagged by this tag."""
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    def to_json(self, value):
         """Convert the Python object to an object that is a valid JSON type.
         The tag will be added later."""
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    def to_python(self, value):
         """Convert the JSON representation back to the correct type. The tag
         will already be removed."""
         raise NotImplementedError
 
-    def tag(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    def tag(self, value):
         """Convert the value to a valid JSON type and add the tag structure
         around it."""
         return {self.key: self.to_json(value)}
@@ -97,18 +99,18 @@ class TagDict(JSONTag):
     __slots__ = ()
     key = " di"
 
-    def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    def check(self, value):
         return (
             isinstance(value, dict)
             and len(value) == 1
             and next(iter(value)) in self.serializer.tags
         )
 
-    def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    def to_json(self, value):
         key = next(iter(value))
-        return {f"{key}__": self.serializer.tag(value[key])}
+        return {key + "__": self.serializer.tag(value[key])}
 
-    def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    def to_python(self, value):
         key = next(iter(value))
         return {key[:-2]: value[key]}
 
@@ -116,13 +118,13 @@ class TagDict(JSONTag):
 class PassDict(JSONTag):
     __slots__ = ()
 
-    def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    def check(self, value):
         return isinstance(value, dict)
 
-    def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    def to_json(self, value):
         # JSON objects may only have string keys, so don't bother tagging the
         # key here.
-        return {k: self.serializer.tag(v) for k, v in value.items()}
+        return dict((k, self.serializer.tag(v)) for k, v in iteritems(value))
 
     tag = to_json
 
@@ -131,23 +133,23 @@ class TagTuple(JSONTag):
     __slots__ = ()
     key = " t"
 
-    def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    def check(self, value):
         return isinstance(value, tuple)
 
-    def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    def to_json(self, value):
         return [self.serializer.tag(item) for item in value]
 
-    def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    def to_python(self, value):
         return tuple(value)
 
 
 class PassList(JSONTag):
     __slots__ = ()
 
-    def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    def check(self, value):
         return isinstance(value, list)
 
-    def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    def to_json(self, value):
         return [self.serializer.tag(item) for item in value]
 
     tag = to_json
@@ -157,31 +159,31 @@ class TagBytes(JSONTag):
     __slots__ = ()
     key = " b"
 
-    def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    def check(self, value):
         return isinstance(value, bytes)
 
-    def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    def to_json(self, value):
         return b64encode(value).decode("ascii")
 
-    def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    def to_python(self, value):
         return b64decode(value)
 
 
 class TagMarkup(JSONTag):
-    """Serialize anything matching the :class:`~markupsafe.Markup` API by
+    """Serialize anything matching the :class:`~flask.Markup` API by
     having a ``__html__`` method to the result of that method. Always
-    deserializes to an instance of :class:`~markupsafe.Markup`."""
+    deserializes to an instance of :class:`~flask.Markup`."""
 
     __slots__ = ()
     key = " m"
 
-    def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    def check(self, value):
         return callable(getattr(value, "__html__", None))
 
-    def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    def to_json(self, value):
-        return str(value.__html__())
+        return text_type(value.__html__())
 
-    def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    def to_python(self, value):
         return Markup(value)
 
 
@@ -189,13 +191,13 @@ class TagUUID(JSONTag):
     __slots__ = ()
     key = " u"
 
-    def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    def check(self, value):
         return isinstance(value, UUID)
 
-    def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    def to_json(self, value):
         return value.hex
 
-    def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    def to_python(self, value):
         return UUID(value)
 
 
@@ -203,17 +205,17 @@ class TagDateTime(JSONTag):
     __slots__ = ()
     key = " d"
 
-    def check(self, value: t.Any) -> bool:
+    def check(self, value):
         return isinstance(value, datetime)
 
-    def to_json(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    def to_json(self, value):
         return http_date(value)
 
-    def to_python(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+    def to_python(self, value):
         return parse_date(value)
 
 
-class TaggedJSONSerializer:
+class TaggedJSONSerializer(object):
     """Serializer that uses a tag system to compactly represent objects that
     are not JSON types. Passed as the intermediate serializer to
     :class:`itsdangerous.Serializer`.
@@ -223,7 +225,7 @@ class TaggedJSONSerializer:
     * :class:`dict`
     * :class:`tuple`
     * :class:`bytes`
-    * :class:`~markupsafe.Markup`
+    * :class:`~flask.Markup`
     * :class:`~uuid.UUID`
     * :class:`~datetime.datetime`
     """
@@ -243,19 +245,14 @@ class TaggedJSONSerializer:
         TagDateTime,
     ]
 
-    def __init__(self) -> None:
+    def __init__(self):
-        self.tags: t.Dict[str, JSONTag] = {}
+        self.tags = {}
-        self.order: t.List[JSONTag] = []
+        self.order = []
 
         for cls in self.default_tags:
             self.register(cls)
 
-    def register(
+    def register(self, tag_class, force=False, index=None):
-        self,
-        tag_class: t.Type[JSONTag],
-        force: bool = False,
-        index: t.Optional[int] = None,
-    ) -> None:
         """Register a new tag with this serializer.
 
         :param tag_class: tag class to register. Will be instantiated with this
@@ -274,7 +271,7 @@ class TaggedJSONSerializer:
 
         if key is not None:
             if not force and key in self.tags:
-                raise KeyError(f"Tag '{key}' is already registered.")
+                raise KeyError("Tag '{0}' is already registered.".format(key))
 
             self.tags[key] = tag
 
@@ -283,7 +280,7 @@ class TaggedJSONSerializer:
         else:
             self.order.insert(index, tag)
 
-    def tag(self, value: t.Any) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
+    def tag(self, value):
         """Convert a value to a tagged representation if necessary."""
         for tag in self.order:
             if tag.check(value):
@@ -291,7 +288,7 @@ class TaggedJSONSerializer:
 
         return value
 
-    def untag(self, value: t.Dict[str, t.Any]) -> t.Any:
+    def untag(self, value):
         """Convert a tagged representation back to the original type."""
         if len(value) != 1:
             return value
@@ -303,10 +300,10 @@ class TaggedJSONSerializer:
 
         return self.tags[key].to_python(value[key])
 
-    def dumps(self, value: t.Any) -> str:
+    def dumps(self, value):
         """Tag the value and dump it to a compact JSON string."""
         return dumps(self.tag(value), separators=(",", ":"))
 
-    def loads(self, value: str) -> t.Any:
+    def loads(self, value):
         """Load data from a JSON string and deserialized any tagged objects."""
         return loads(value, object_hook=self.untag)

src/flask/logging.py

@@ -1,17 +1,24 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+flask.logging
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+:copyright: 2010 Pallets
+:license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
+from __future__ import absolute_import
+
 import logging
 import sys
-import typing as t
+import warnings
 
 from werkzeug.local import LocalProxy
 
 from .globals import request
 
-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from .app import Flask
-
 
 @LocalProxy
-def wsgi_errors_stream() -> t.TextIO:
+def wsgi_errors_stream():
     """Find the most appropriate error stream for the application. If a request
     is active, log to ``wsgi.errors``, otherwise use ``sys.stderr``.
 
@@ -23,7 +30,7 @@ def wsgi_errors_stream() -> t.TextIO:
     return request.environ["wsgi.errors"] if request else sys.stderr
 
 
-def has_level_handler(logger: logging.Logger) -> bool:
+def has_level_handler(logger):
     """Check if there is a handler in the logging chain that will handle the
     given logger's :meth:`effective level <~logging.Logger.getEffectiveLevel>`.
     """
@@ -37,21 +44,35 @@ def has_level_handler(logger: logging.Logger) -> bool:
         if not current.propagate:
             break
 
-        current = current.parent  # type: ignore
+        current = current.parent
 
     return False
 
 
 #: Log messages to :func:`~flask.logging.wsgi_errors_stream` with the format
 #: ``[%(asctime)s] %(levelname)s in %(module)s: %(message)s``.
-default_handler = logging.StreamHandler(wsgi_errors_stream)  # type: ignore
+default_handler = logging.StreamHandler(wsgi_errors_stream)
 default_handler.setFormatter(
     logging.Formatter("[%(asctime)s] %(levelname)s in %(module)s: %(message)s")
 )
 
 
-def create_logger(app: "Flask") -> logging.Logger:
+def _has_config(logger):
-    """Get the Flask app's logger and configure it if needed.
+    """Decide if a logger has direct configuration applied by checking
+    its properties against the defaults.
+
+    :param logger: The :class:`~logging.Logger` to inspect.
+    """
+    return (
+        logger.level != logging.NOTSET
+        or logger.handlers
+        or logger.filters
+        or not logger.propagate
+    )
+
+
+def create_logger(app):
+    """Get the the Flask apps's logger and configure it if needed.
 
     The logger name will be the same as
     :attr:`app.import_name <flask.Flask.name>`.
@@ -65,6 +86,20 @@ def create_logger(app: "Flask") -> logging.Logger:
     """
     logger = logging.getLogger(app.name)
 
+    # 1.1.0 changes name of logger, warn if config is detected for old
+    # name and not new name
+    for old_name in ("flask.app", "flask"):
+        old_logger = logging.getLogger(old_name)
+
+        if _has_config(old_logger) and not _has_config(logger):
+            warnings.warn(
+                "'app.logger' is named '{name}' for this application,"
+                " but configuration was found for '{old_name}', which"
+                " no longer has an effect. The logging configuration"
+                " should be moved to '{name}'.".format(name=app.name, old_name=old_name)
+            )
+            break
+
     if app.debug and not logger.level:
         logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
 

src/flask/sessions.py

@@ -1,32 +1,37 @@
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+    flask.sessions
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Implements cookie based sessions based on itsdangerous.
+
+    :copyright: 2010 Pallets
+    :license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
 import hashlib
-import typing as t
 import warnings
-from collections.abc import MutableMapping
 from datetime import datetime
 
 from itsdangerous import BadSignature
 from itsdangerous import URLSafeTimedSerializer
 from werkzeug.datastructures import CallbackDict
 
+from ._compat import collections_abc
 from .helpers import is_ip
+from .helpers import total_seconds
 from .json.tag import TaggedJSONSerializer
 
-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    import typing_extensions as te
-    from .app import Flask
-    from .wrappers import Request, Response
 
-
+class SessionMixin(collections_abc.MutableMapping):
-class SessionMixin(MutableMapping):
     """Expands a basic dictionary with session attributes."""
 
     @property
-    def permanent(self) -> bool:
+    def permanent(self):
         """This reflects the ``'_permanent'`` key in the dict."""
         return self.get("_permanent", False)
 
     @permanent.setter
-    def permanent(self, value: bool) -> None:
+    def permanent(self, value):
         self["_permanent"] = bool(value)
 
     #: Some implementations can detect whether a session is newly
@@ -67,24 +72,24 @@ class SecureCookieSession(CallbackDict, SessionMixin):
     #: different users.
     accessed = False
 
-    def __init__(self, initial: t.Any = None) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, initial=None):
-        def on_update(self) -> None:
+        def on_update(self):
             self.modified = True
             self.accessed = True
 
-        super().__init__(initial, on_update)
+        super(SecureCookieSession, self).__init__(initial, on_update)
 
-    def __getitem__(self, key: str) -> t.Any:
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
         self.accessed = True
-        return super().__getitem__(key)
+        return super(SecureCookieSession, self).__getitem__(key)
 
-    def get(self, key: str, default: t.Any = None) -> t.Any:
+    def get(self, key, default=None):
         self.accessed = True
-        return super().get(key, default)
+        return super(SecureCookieSession, self).get(key, default)
 
-    def setdefault(self, key: str, default: t.Any = None) -> t.Any:
+    def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
         self.accessed = True
-        return super().setdefault(key, default)
+        return super(SecureCookieSession, self).setdefault(key, default)
 
 
 class NullSession(SecureCookieSession):
@@ -93,18 +98,18 @@ class NullSession(SecureCookieSession):
     but fail on setting.
     """
 
-    def _fail(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> "te.NoReturn":
+    def _fail(self, *args, **kwargs):
         raise RuntimeError(
             "The session is unavailable because no secret "
             "key was set.  Set the secret_key on the "
             "application to something unique and secret."
         )
 
-    __setitem__ = __delitem__ = clear = pop = popitem = update = setdefault = _fail  # type: ignore # noqa: B950
+    __setitem__ = __delitem__ = clear = pop = popitem = update = setdefault = _fail
     del _fail
 
 
-class SessionInterface:
+class SessionInterface(object):
     """The basic interface you have to implement in order to replace the
     default session interface which uses werkzeug's securecookie
     implementation.  The only methods you have to implement are
@@ -147,7 +152,7 @@ class SessionInterface:
     #: .. versionadded:: 0.10
     pickle_based = False
 
-    def make_null_session(self, app: "Flask") -> NullSession:
+    def make_null_session(self, app):
         """Creates a null session which acts as a replacement object if the
         real session support could not be loaded due to a configuration
         error.  This mainly aids the user experience because the job of the
@@ -159,7 +164,7 @@ class SessionInterface:
         """
         return self.null_session_class()
 
-    def is_null_session(self, obj: object) -> bool:
+    def is_null_session(self, obj):
         """Checks if a given object is a null session.  Null sessions are
         not asked to be saved.
 
@@ -168,14 +173,7 @@ class SessionInterface:
         """
         return isinstance(obj, self.null_session_class)
 
-    def get_cookie_name(self, app: "Flask") -> str:
+    def get_cookie_domain(self, app):
-        """Returns the name of the session cookie.
-
-        Uses ``app.session_cookie_name`` which is set to ``SESSION_COOKIE_NAME``
-        """
-        return app.session_cookie_name
-
-    def get_cookie_domain(self, app: "Flask") -> t.Optional[str]:
         """Returns the domain that should be set for the session cookie.
 
         Uses ``SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN`` if it is configured, otherwise
@@ -204,13 +202,13 @@ class SessionInterface:
         rv = rv.rsplit(":", 1)[0].lstrip(".")
 
         if "." not in rv:
-            # Chrome doesn't allow names without a '.'. This should only
+            # Chrome doesn't allow names without a '.'
-            # come up with localhost. Hack around this by not setting
+            # this should only come up with localhost
-            # the name, and show a warning.
+            # hack around this by not setting the name, and show a warning
             warnings.warn(
-                f"{rv!r} is not a valid cookie domain, it must contain"
+                '"{rv}" is not a valid cookie domain, it must contain a ".".'
-                " a '.'. Add an entry to your hosts file, for example"
+                " Add an entry to your hosts file, for example"
-                f" '{rv}.localdomain', and use that instead."
+                ' "{rv}.localdomain", and use that instead.'.format(rv=rv)
             )
             app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN"] = False
             return None
@@ -228,12 +226,12 @@ class SessionInterface:
         # if this is not an ip and app is mounted at the root, allow subdomain
         # matching by adding a '.' prefix
         if self.get_cookie_path(app) == "/" and not ip:
-            rv = f".{rv}"
+            rv = "." + rv
 
         app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN"] = rv
         return rv
 
-    def get_cookie_path(self, app: "Flask") -> str:
+    def get_cookie_path(self, app):
         """Returns the path for which the cookie should be valid.  The
         default implementation uses the value from the ``SESSION_COOKIE_PATH``
         config var if it's set, and falls back to ``APPLICATION_ROOT`` or
@@ -241,29 +239,27 @@ class SessionInterface:
         """
         return app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_PATH"] or app.config["APPLICATION_ROOT"]
 
-    def get_cookie_httponly(self, app: "Flask") -> bool:
+    def get_cookie_httponly(self, app):
         """Returns True if the session cookie should be httponly.  This
         currently just returns the value of the ``SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY``
         config var.
         """
         return app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY"]
 
-    def get_cookie_secure(self, app: "Flask") -> bool:
+    def get_cookie_secure(self, app):
         """Returns True if the cookie should be secure.  This currently
         just returns the value of the ``SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE`` setting.
         """
         return app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE"]
 
-    def get_cookie_samesite(self, app: "Flask") -> str:
+    def get_cookie_samesite(self, app):
         """Return ``'Strict'`` or ``'Lax'`` if the cookie should use the
         ``SameSite`` attribute. This currently just returns the value of
         the :data:`SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE` setting.
         """
         return app.config["SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE"]
 
-    def get_expiration_time(
+    def get_expiration_time(self, app, session):
-        self, app: "Flask", session: SessionMixin
-    ) -> t.Optional[datetime]:
         """A helper method that returns an expiration date for the session
         or ``None`` if the session is linked to the browser session.  The
         default implementation returns now + the permanent session
@@ -271,9 +267,8 @@ class SessionInterface:
         """
         if session.permanent:
             return datetime.utcnow() + app.permanent_session_lifetime
-        return None
 
-    def should_set_cookie(self, app: "Flask", session: SessionMixin) -> bool:
+    def should_set_cookie(self, app, session):
         """Used by session backends to determine if a ``Set-Cookie`` header
         should be set for this session cookie for this response. If the session
         has been modified, the cookie is set. If the session is permanent and
@@ -289,9 +284,7 @@ class SessionInterface:
             session.permanent and app.config["SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST"]
         )
 
-    def open_session(
+    def open_session(self, app, request):
-        self, app: "Flask", request: "Request"
-    ) -> t.Optional[SessionMixin]:
         """This method has to be implemented and must either return ``None``
         in case the loading failed because of a configuration error or an
         instance of a session object which implements a dictionary like
@@ -299,9 +292,7 @@ class SessionInterface:
         """
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
-    def save_session(
+    def save_session(self, app, session, response):
-        self, app: "Flask", session: SessionMixin, response: "Response"
-    ) -> None:
         """This is called for actual sessions returned by :meth:`open_session`
         at the end of the request.  This is still called during a request
         context so if you absolutely need access to the request you can do
@@ -332,9 +323,7 @@ class SecureCookieSessionInterface(SessionInterface):
     serializer = session_json_serializer
     session_class = SecureCookieSession
 
-    def get_signing_serializer(
+    def get_signing_serializer(self, app):
-        self, app: "Flask"
-    ) -> t.Optional[URLSafeTimedSerializer]:
         if not app.secret_key:
             return None
         signer_kwargs = dict(
@@ -347,37 +336,30 @@ class SecureCookieSessionInterface(SessionInterface):
             signer_kwargs=signer_kwargs,
         )
 
-    def open_session(
+    def open_session(self, app, request):
-        self, app: "Flask", request: "Request"
-    ) -> t.Optional[SecureCookieSession]:
         s = self.get_signing_serializer(app)
         if s is None:
             return None
-        val = request.cookies.get(self.get_cookie_name(app))
+        val = request.cookies.get(app.session_cookie_name)
         if not val:
             return self.session_class()
-        max_age = int(app.permanent_session_lifetime.total_seconds())
+        max_age = total_seconds(app.permanent_session_lifetime)
         try:
             data = s.loads(val, max_age=max_age)
             return self.session_class(data)
         except BadSignature:
             return self.session_class()
 
-    def save_session(
+    def save_session(self, app, session, response):
-        self, app: "Flask", session: SessionMixin, response: "Response"
-    ) -> None:
-        name = self.get_cookie_name(app)
         domain = self.get_cookie_domain(app)
         path = self.get_cookie_path(app)
-        secure = self.get_cookie_secure(app)
-        samesite = self.get_cookie_samesite(app)
 
         # If the session is modified to be empty, remove the cookie.
         # If the session is empty, return without setting the cookie.
         if not session:
             if session.modified:
                 response.delete_cookie(
-                    name, domain=domain, path=path, secure=secure, samesite=samesite
+                    app.session_cookie_name, domain=domain, path=path
                 )
 
             return
@@ -390,11 +372,13 @@ class SecureCookieSessionInterface(SessionInterface):
             return
 
         httponly = self.get_cookie_httponly(app)
+        secure = self.get_cookie_secure(app)
+        samesite = self.get_cookie_samesite(app)
         expires = self.get_expiration_time(app, session)
-        val = self.get_signing_serializer(app).dumps(dict(session))  # type: ignore
+        val = self.get_signing_serializer(app).dumps(dict(session))
         response.set_cookie(
-            name,
+            app.session_cookie_name,
-            val,  # type: ignore
+            val,
             expires=expires,
             httponly=httponly,
             domain=domain,

src/flask/signals.py

@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
-import typing as t
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+    flask.signals
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
+    Implements signals based on blinker if available, otherwise
+    falls silently back to a noop.
+
+    :copyright: 2010 Pallets
+    :license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
 try:
     from blinker import Namespace
 
@@ -7,25 +16,25 @@ try:
 except ImportError:
     signals_available = False
 
-    class Namespace:  # type: ignore
+    class Namespace(object):
-        def signal(self, name: str, doc: t.Optional[str] = None) -> "_FakeSignal":
+        def signal(self, name, doc=None):
             return _FakeSignal(name, doc)
 
-    class _FakeSignal:
+    class _FakeSignal(object):
         """If blinker is unavailable, create a fake class with the same
         interface that allows sending of signals but will fail with an
         error on anything else.  Instead of doing anything on send, it
         will just ignore the arguments and do nothing instead.
         """
 
-        def __init__(self, name: str, doc: t.Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+        def __init__(self, name, doc=None):
             self.name = name
             self.__doc__ = doc
 
-        def send(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        def send(self, *args, **kwargs):
             pass
 
-        def _fail(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Any:
+        def _fail(self, *args, **kwargs):
             raise RuntimeError(
                 "Signalling support is unavailable because the blinker"
                 " library is not installed."

src/flask/templating.py

@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
-import typing as t
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+    flask.templating
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
+    Implements the bridge to Jinja2.
+
+    :copyright: 2010 Pallets
+    :license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
 from jinja2 import BaseLoader
 from jinja2 import Environment as BaseEnvironment
-from jinja2 import Template
 from jinja2 import TemplateNotFound
 
 from .globals import _app_ctx_stack
@@ -10,12 +17,8 @@ from .globals import _request_ctx_stack
 from .signals import before_render_template
 from .signals import template_rendered
 
-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from .app import Flask
-    from .scaffold import Scaffold
 
-
+def _default_template_ctx_processor():
-def _default_template_ctx_processor() -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
     """Default template context processor.  Injects `request`,
     `session` and `g`.
     """
@@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ class Environment(BaseEnvironment):
     name of the blueprint to referenced templates if necessary.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, app: "Flask", **options: t.Any) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, app, **options):
         if "loader" not in options:
             options["loader"] = app.create_global_jinja_loader()
         BaseEnvironment.__init__(self, **options)
@@ -48,24 +51,17 @@ class DispatchingJinjaLoader(BaseLoader):
     the blueprint folders.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, app: "Flask") -> None:
+    def __init__(self, app):
         self.app = app
 
-    def get_source(  # type: ignore
+    def get_source(self, environment, template):
-        self, environment: Environment, template: str
-    ) -> t.Tuple[str, t.Optional[str], t.Optional[t.Callable]]:
         if self.app.config["EXPLAIN_TEMPLATE_LOADING"]:
             return self._get_source_explained(environment, template)
         return self._get_source_fast(environment, template)
 
-    def _get_source_explained(
+    def _get_source_explained(self, environment, template):
-        self, environment: Environment, template: str
-    ) -> t.Tuple[str, t.Optional[str], t.Optional[t.Callable]]:
         attempts = []
-        rv: t.Optional[t.Tuple[str, t.Optional[str], t.Optional[t.Callable[[], bool]]]]
+        trv = None
-        trv: t.Optional[
-            t.Tuple[str, t.Optional[str], t.Optional[t.Callable[[], bool]]]
-        ] = None
 
         for srcobj, loader in self._iter_loaders(template):
             try:
@@ -84,9 +80,7 @@ class DispatchingJinjaLoader(BaseLoader):
             return trv
         raise TemplateNotFound(template)
 
-    def _get_source_fast(
+    def _get_source_fast(self, environment, template):
-        self, environment: Environment, template: str
-    ) -> t.Tuple[str, t.Optional[str], t.Optional[t.Callable]]:
         for _srcobj, loader in self._iter_loaders(template):
             try:
                 return loader.get_source(environment, template)
@@ -94,9 +88,7 @@ class DispatchingJinjaLoader(BaseLoader):
                 continue
         raise TemplateNotFound(template)
 
-    def _iter_loaders(
+    def _iter_loaders(self, template):
-        self, template: str
-    ) -> t.Generator[t.Tuple["Scaffold", BaseLoader], None, None]:
         loader = self.app.jinja_loader
         if loader is not None:
             yield self.app, loader
@@ -106,7 +98,7 @@ class DispatchingJinjaLoader(BaseLoader):
             if loader is not None:
                 yield blueprint, loader
 
-    def list_templates(self) -> t.List[str]:
+    def list_templates(self):
         result = set()
         loader = self.app.jinja_loader
         if loader is not None:
@@ -121,7 +113,7 @@ class DispatchingJinjaLoader(BaseLoader):
         return list(result)
 
 
-def _render(template: Template, context: dict, app: "Flask") -> str:
+def _render(template, context, app):
     """Renders the template and fires the signal"""
 
     before_render_template.send(app, template=template, context=context)
@@ -130,9 +122,7 @@ def _render(template: Template, context: dict, app: "Flask") -> str:
     return rv
 
 
-def render_template(
+def render_template(template_name_or_list, **context):
-    template_name_or_list: t.Union[str, t.List[str]], **context: t.Any
-) -> str:
     """Renders a template from the template folder with the given
     context.
 
@@ -151,7 +141,7 @@ def render_template(
     )
 
 
-def render_template_string(source: str, **context: t.Any) -> str:
+def render_template_string(source, **context):
     """Renders a template from the given template source string
     with the given context. Template variables will be autoescaped.
 

src/flask/testing.py

@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
-import typing as t
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+    flask.testing
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+    Implements test support helpers.  This module is lazily imported
+    and usually not used in production environments.
+
+    :copyright: 2010 Pallets
+    :license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
+import warnings
 from contextlib import contextmanager
-from copy import copy
-from types import TracebackType
 
 import werkzeug.test
 from click.testing import CliRunner
 from werkzeug.test import Client
 from werkzeug.urls import url_parse
-from werkzeug.wrappers import Request as BaseRequest
 
 from . import _request_ctx_stack
 from .cli import ScriptInfo
 from .json import dumps as json_dumps
-from .sessions import SessionMixin
-
-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from .app import Flask
-    from .wrappers import Response
 
 
 class EnvironBuilder(werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder):
@@ -43,14 +46,14 @@ class EnvironBuilder(werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        app: "Flask",
+        app,
-        path: str = "/",
+        path="/",
-        base_url: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        base_url=None,
-        subdomain: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        subdomain=None,
-        url_scheme: t.Optional[str] = None,
+        url_scheme=None,
-        *args: t.Any,
+        *args,
-        **kwargs: t.Any,
+        **kwargs
-    ) -> None:
+    ):
         assert not (base_url or subdomain or url_scheme) or (
             base_url is not None
         ) != bool(
@@ -62,15 +65,16 @@ class EnvironBuilder(werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder):
             app_root = app.config["APPLICATION_ROOT"]
 
             if subdomain:
-                http_host = f"{subdomain}.{http_host}"
+                http_host = "{0}.{1}".format(subdomain, http_host)
 
             if url_scheme is None:
                 url_scheme = app.config["PREFERRED_URL_SCHEME"]
 
             url = url_parse(path)
-            base_url = (
+            base_url = "{scheme}://{netloc}/{path}".format(
-                f"{url.scheme or url_scheme}://{url.netloc or http_host}"
+                scheme=url.scheme or url_scheme,
-                f"/{app_root.lstrip('/')}"
+                netloc=url.netloc or http_host,
+                path=app_root.lstrip("/"),
             )
             path = url.path
 
@@ -79,9 +83,9 @@ class EnvironBuilder(werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder):
                 path += sep + url.query
 
         self.app = app
-        super().__init__(path, base_url, *args, **kwargs)
+        super(EnvironBuilder, self).__init__(path, base_url, *args, **kwargs)
 
-    def json_dumps(self, obj: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> str:  # type: ignore
+    def json_dumps(self, obj, **kwargs):
         """Serialize ``obj`` to a JSON-formatted string.
 
         The serialization will be configured according to the config associated
@@ -91,6 +95,23 @@ class EnvironBuilder(werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder):
         return json_dumps(obj, **kwargs)
 
 
+def make_test_environ_builder(*args, **kwargs):
+    """Create a :class:`flask.testing.EnvironBuilder`.
+
+    .. deprecated: 1.1
+        Will be removed in 2.0. Construct
+        ``flask.testing.EnvironBuilder`` directly instead.
+    """
+    warnings.warn(
+        DeprecationWarning(
+            '"make_test_environ_builder()" is deprecated and will be'
+            ' removed in 2.0. Construct "flask.testing.EnvironBuilder"'
+            " directly instead."
+        )
+    )
+    return EnvironBuilder(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
 class FlaskClient(Client):
     """Works like a regular Werkzeug test client but has some knowledge about
     how Flask works to defer the cleanup of the request context stack to the
@@ -103,23 +124,20 @@ class FlaskClient(Client):
        set after instantiation of the `app.test_client()` object in
        `client.environ_base`.
 
-    Basic usage is outlined in the :doc:`/testing` chapter.
+    Basic usage is outlined in the :ref:`testing` chapter.
     """
 
-    application: "Flask"
     preserve_context = False
 
-    def __init__(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        super(FlaskClient, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
         self.environ_base = {
             "REMOTE_ADDR": "127.0.0.1",
-            "HTTP_USER_AGENT": f"werkzeug/{werkzeug.__version__}",
+            "HTTP_USER_AGENT": "werkzeug/" + werkzeug.__version__,
         }
 
     @contextmanager
-    def session_transaction(
+    def session_transaction(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any
-    ) -> t.Generator[SessionMixin, None, None]:
         """When used in combination with a ``with`` statement this opens a
         session transaction.  This can be used to modify the session that
         the test client uses.  Once the ``with`` block is left the session is
@@ -171,64 +189,51 @@ class FlaskClient(Client):
             headers = resp.get_wsgi_headers(c.request.environ)
             self.cookie_jar.extract_wsgi(c.request.environ, headers)
 
-    def open(  # type: ignore
+    def open(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        self,
+        as_tuple = kwargs.pop("as_tuple", False)
-        *args: t.Any,
+        buffered = kwargs.pop("buffered", False)
-        as_tuple: bool = False,
+        follow_redirects = kwargs.pop("follow_redirects", False)
-        buffered: bool = False,
-        follow_redirects: bool = False,
-        **kwargs: t.Any,
-    ) -> "Response":
-        # Same logic as super.open, but apply environ_base and preserve_context.
-        request = None
 
-        def copy_environ(other):
+        if (
-            return {
+            not kwargs
-                **self.environ_base,
+            and len(args) == 1
-                **other,
+            and isinstance(args[0], (werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder, dict))
-                "flask._preserve_context": self.preserve_context,
+        ):
-            }
+            environ = self.environ_base.copy()
 
-        if not kwargs and len(args) == 1:
+            if isinstance(args[0], werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder):
-            arg = args[0]
+                environ.update(args[0].get_environ())
+            else:
+                environ.update(args[0])
 
-            if isinstance(arg, werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder):
+            environ["flask._preserve_context"] = self.preserve_context
-                builder = copy(arg)
+        else:
-                builder.environ_base = copy_environ(builder.environ_base or {})
+            kwargs.setdefault("environ_overrides", {})[
-                request = builder.get_request()
+                "flask._preserve_context"
-            elif isinstance(arg, dict):
+            ] = self.preserve_context
-                request = EnvironBuilder.from_environ(
+            kwargs.setdefault("environ_base", self.environ_base)
-                    arg, app=self.application, environ_base=copy_environ({})
-                ).get_request()
-            elif isinstance(arg, BaseRequest):
-                request = copy(arg)
-                request.environ = copy_environ(request.environ)
-
-        if request is None:
-            kwargs["environ_base"] = copy_environ(kwargs.get("environ_base", {}))
             builder = EnvironBuilder(self.application, *args, **kwargs)
 
             try:
-                request = builder.get_request()
+                environ = builder.get_environ()
             finally:
                 builder.close()
 
-        return super().open(  # type: ignore
+        return Client.open(
-            request,
+            self,
+            environ,
             as_tuple=as_tuple,
             buffered=buffered,
             follow_redirects=follow_redirects,
         )
 
-    def __enter__(self) -> "FlaskClient":
+    def __enter__(self):
         if self.preserve_context:
             raise RuntimeError("Cannot nest client invocations")
         self.preserve_context = True
         return self
 
-    def __exit__(
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb):
-        self, exc_type: type, exc_value: BaseException, tb: TracebackType
-    ) -> None:
         self.preserve_context = False
 
         # Normally the request context is preserved until the next
@@ -250,13 +255,11 @@ class FlaskCliRunner(CliRunner):
     :meth:`~flask.Flask.test_cli_runner`. See :ref:`testing-cli`.
     """
 
-    def __init__(self, app: "Flask", **kwargs: t.Any) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, app, **kwargs):
         self.app = app
-        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        super(FlaskCliRunner, self).__init__(**kwargs)
 
-    def invoke(  # type: ignore
+    def invoke(self, cli=None, args=None, **kwargs):
-        self, cli: t.Any = None, args: t.Any = None, **kwargs: t.Any
-    ) -> t.Any:
         """Invokes a CLI command in an isolated environment. See
         :meth:`CliRunner.invoke <click.testing.CliRunner.invoke>` for
         full method documentation. See :ref:`testing-cli` for examples.
@@ -277,4 +280,4 @@ class FlaskCliRunner(CliRunner):
         if "obj" not in kwargs:
             kwargs["obj"] = ScriptInfo(create_app=lambda: self.app)
 
-        return super().invoke(cli, args, **kwargs)
+        return super(FlaskCliRunner, self).invoke(cli, args, **kwargs)

src/flask/views.py

@@ -1,7 +1,15 @@
-import typing as t
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+    flask.views
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~
 
+    This module provides class-based views inspired by the ones in Django.
+
+    :copyright: 2010 Pallets
+    :license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
+from ._compat import with_metaclass
 from .globals import request
-from .typing import ResponseReturnValue
 
 
 http_method_funcs = frozenset(
@@ -9,7 +17,7 @@ http_method_funcs = frozenset(
 )
 
 
-class View:
+class View(object):
     """Alternative way to use view functions.  A subclass has to implement
     :meth:`dispatch_request` which is called with the view arguments from
     the URL routing system.  If :attr:`methods` is provided the methods
@@ -20,7 +28,7 @@ class View:
             methods = ['GET']
 
             def dispatch_request(self, name):
-                return f"Hello {name}!"
+                return 'Hello %s!' % name
 
         app.add_url_rule('/hello/<name>', view_func=MyView.as_view('myview'))
 
@@ -42,10 +50,10 @@ class View:
     """
 
     #: A list of methods this view can handle.
-    methods: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None
+    methods = None
 
     #: Setting this disables or force-enables the automatic options handling.
-    provide_automatic_options: t.Optional[bool] = None
+    provide_automatic_options = None
 
     #: The canonical way to decorate class-based views is to decorate the
     #: return value of as_view().  However since this moves parts of the
@@ -56,9 +64,9 @@ class View:
     #: view function is created the result is automatically decorated.
     #:
     #: .. versionadded:: 0.8
-    decorators: t.List[t.Callable] = []
+    decorators = ()
 
-    def dispatch_request(self) -> ResponseReturnValue:
+    def dispatch_request(self):
         """Subclasses have to override this method to implement the
         actual view function code.  This method is called with all
         the arguments from the URL rule.
@@ -66,9 +74,7 @@ class View:
         raise NotImplementedError()
 
     @classmethod
-    def as_view(
+    def as_view(cls, name, *class_args, **class_kwargs):
-        cls, name: str, *class_args: t.Any, **class_kwargs: t.Any
-    ) -> t.Callable:
         """Converts the class into an actual view function that can be used
         with the routing system.  Internally this generates a function on the
         fly which will instantiate the :class:`View` on each request and call
@@ -78,8 +84,8 @@ class View:
         constructor of the class.
         """
 
-        def view(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> ResponseReturnValue:
+        def view(*args, **kwargs):
-            self = view.view_class(*class_args, **class_kwargs)  # type: ignore
+            self = view.view_class(*class_args, **class_kwargs)
             return self.dispatch_request(*args, **kwargs)
 
         if cls.decorators:
@@ -93,12 +99,12 @@ class View:
         # view this thing came from, secondly it's also used for instantiating
         # the view class so you can actually replace it with something else
         # for testing purposes and debugging.
-        view.view_class = cls  # type: ignore
+        view.view_class = cls
         view.__name__ = name
         view.__doc__ = cls.__doc__
         view.__module__ = cls.__module__
-        view.methods = cls.methods  # type: ignore
+        view.methods = cls.methods
-        view.provide_automatic_options = cls.provide_automatic_options  # type: ignore
+        view.provide_automatic_options = cls.provide_automatic_options
         return view
 
 
@@ -108,7 +114,7 @@ class MethodViewType(type):
     """
 
     def __init__(cls, name, bases, d):
-        super().__init__(name, bases, d)
+        super(MethodViewType, cls).__init__(name, bases, d)
 
         if "methods" not in d:
             methods = set()
@@ -129,7 +135,7 @@ class MethodViewType(type):
                 cls.methods = methods
 
 
-class MethodView(View, metaclass=MethodViewType):
+class MethodView(with_metaclass(MethodViewType, View)):
     """A class-based view that dispatches request methods to the corresponding
     class methods. For example, if you implement a ``get`` method, it will be
     used to handle ``GET`` requests. ::
@@ -145,7 +151,7 @@ class MethodView(View, metaclass=MethodViewType):
         app.add_url_rule('/counter', view_func=CounterAPI.as_view('counter'))
     """
 
-    def dispatch_request(self, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> ResponseReturnValue:
+    def dispatch_request(self, *args, **kwargs):
         meth = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), None)
 
         # If the request method is HEAD and we don't have a handler for it
@@ -153,5 +159,5 @@ class MethodView(View, metaclass=MethodViewType):
         if meth is None and request.method == "HEAD":
             meth = getattr(self, "get", None)
 
-        assert meth is not None, f"Unimplemented method {request.method!r}"
+        assert meth is not None, "Unimplemented method %r" % request.method
         return meth(*args, **kwargs)

src/flask/wrappers.py

@@ -1,19 +1,33 @@
-import typing as t
+# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
+"""
+    flask.wrappers
+    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 
+    Implements the WSGI wrappers (request and response).
+
+    :copyright: 2010 Pallets
+    :license: BSD-3-Clause
+"""
 from werkzeug.exceptions import BadRequest
 from werkzeug.wrappers import Request as RequestBase
 from werkzeug.wrappers import Response as ResponseBase
+from werkzeug.wrappers.json import JSONMixin as _JSONMixin
 
 from . import json
 from .globals import current_app
-from .helpers import _split_blueprint_path
-
-if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
-    import typing_extensions as te
-    from werkzeug.routing import Rule
 
 
-class Request(RequestBase):
+class JSONMixin(_JSONMixin):
+    json_module = json
+
+    def on_json_loading_failed(self, e):
+        if current_app and current_app.debug:
+            raise BadRequest("Failed to decode JSON object: {0}".format(e))
+
+        raise BadRequest()
+
+
+class Request(RequestBase, JSONMixin):
     """The request object used by default in Flask.  Remembers the
     matched endpoint and view arguments.
 
@@ -26,8 +40,6 @@ class Request(RequestBase):
     specific ones.
     """
 
-    json_module = json
-
     #: The internal URL rule that matched the request.  This can be
     #: useful to inspect which methods are allowed for the URL from
     #: a before/after handler (``request.url_rule.methods``) etc.
@@ -38,78 +50,41 @@ class Request(RequestBase):
     #: because the request was never internally bound.
     #:
     #: .. versionadded:: 0.6
-    url_rule: t.Optional["Rule"] = None
+    url_rule = None
 
     #: A dict of view arguments that matched the request.  If an exception
     #: happened when matching, this will be ``None``.
-    view_args: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, t.Any]] = None
+    view_args = None
 
     #: If matching the URL failed, this is the exception that will be
     #: raised / was raised as part of the request handling.  This is
     #: usually a :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.NotFound` exception or
     #: something similar.
-    routing_exception: t.Optional[Exception] = None
+    routing_exception = None
 
     @property
-    def max_content_length(self) -> t.Optional[int]:  # type: ignore
+    def max_content_length(self):
         """Read-only view of the ``MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH`` config key."""
         if current_app:
             return current_app.config["MAX_CONTENT_LENGTH"]
-        else:
-            return None
 
     @property
-    def endpoint(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
+    def endpoint(self):
-        """The endpoint that matched the request URL.
+        """The endpoint that matched the request.  This in combination with
-
+        :attr:`view_args` can be used to reconstruct the same or a
-        This will be ``None`` if matching failed or has not been
+        modified URL.  If an exception happened when matching, this will
-        performed yet.
+        be ``None``.
-
-        This in combination with :attr:`view_args` can be used to
-        reconstruct the same URL or a modified URL.
         """
         if self.url_rule is not None:
             return self.url_rule.endpoint
 
-        return None
-
     @property
-    def blueprint(self) -> t.Optional[str]:
+    def blueprint(self):
-        """The registered name of the current blueprint.
+        """The name of the current blueprint"""
+        if self.url_rule and "." in self.url_rule.endpoint:
+            return self.url_rule.endpoint.rsplit(".", 1)[0]
 
-        This will be ``None`` if the endpoint is not part of a
+    def _load_form_data(self):
-        blueprint, or if URL matching failed or has not been performed
-        yet.
-
-        This does not necessarily match the name the blueprint was
-        created with. It may have been nested, or registered with a
-        different name.
-        """
-        endpoint = self.endpoint
-
-        if endpoint is not None and "." in endpoint:
-            return endpoint.rpartition(".")[0]
-
-        return None
-
-    @property
-    def blueprints(self) -> t.List[str]:
-        """The registered names of the current blueprint upwards through
-        parent blueprints.
-
-        This will be an empty list if there is no current blueprint, or
-        if URL matching failed.
-
-        .. versionadded:: 2.0.1
-        """
-        name = self.blueprint
-
-        if name is None:
-            return []
-
-        return _split_blueprint_path(name)
-
-    def _load_form_data(self) -> None:
         RequestBase._load_form_data(self)
 
         # In debug mode we're replacing the files multidict with an ad-hoc
@@ -124,14 +99,8 @@ class Request(RequestBase):
 
             attach_enctype_error_multidict(self)
 
-    def on_json_loading_failed(self, e: Exception) -> "te.NoReturn":
-        if current_app and current_app.debug:
-            raise BadRequest(f"Failed to decode JSON object: {e}")
 
-        raise BadRequest()
+class Response(ResponseBase, JSONMixin):
-
-
-class Response(ResponseBase):
     """The response object that is used by default in Flask.  Works like the
     response object from Werkzeug but is set to have an HTML mimetype by
     default.  Quite often you don't have to create this object yourself because
@@ -151,17 +120,18 @@ class Response(ResponseBase):
 
     default_mimetype = "text/html"
 
-    json_module = json
+    def _get_data_for_json(self, cache):
+        return self.get_data()
 
     @property
-    def max_cookie_size(self) -> int:  # type: ignore
+    def max_cookie_size(self):
         """Read-only view of the :data:`MAX_COOKIE_SIZE` config key.
 
-        See :attr:`~werkzeug.wrappers.Response.max_cookie_size` in
+        See :attr:`~werkzeug.wrappers.BaseResponse.max_cookie_size` in
         Werkzeug's docs.
         """
         if current_app:
             return current_app.config["MAX_COOKIE_SIZE"]
 
         # return Werkzeug's default when not in an app context
-        return super().max_cookie_size
+        return super(Response, self).max_cookie_size