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<section id="mongodb-with-mongoengine">
<h1>MongoDB with MongoEngine<a class="headerlink" href="#mongodb-with-mongoengine" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>Using a document database like MongoDB is a common alternative to
relational SQL databases. This pattern shows how to use
<a class="reference external" href="http://mongoengine.org">MongoEngine</a>, a document mapper library, to integrate with MongoDB.</p>
<p>A running MongoDB server and <a class="reference external" href="https://flask-mongoengine.readthedocs.io">Flask-MongoEngine</a> are required.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pip</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="n">flask</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">mongoengine</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<section id="configuration">
<h2>Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#configuration" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Basic setup can be done by defining <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MONGODB_SETTINGS</span></code> on
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">app.config</span></code> and creating a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MongoEngine</span></code> instance.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">flask</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">Flask</span>
<span class="kn">from</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">flask_mongoengine</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="n">MongoEngine</span>
<span class="n">app</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Flask</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="vm">__name__</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">config</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;MONGODB_SETTINGS&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;db&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="s2">&quot;myapp&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="n">db</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">MongoEngine</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">app</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="mapping-documents">
<h2>Mapping Documents<a class="headerlink" href="#mapping-documents" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>To declare a model that represents a Mongo document, create a class that
inherits from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Document</span></code> and declare each of the fields.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">mongoengine</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">as</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">me</span>
<span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Movie</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">me</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Document</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">title</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">me</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StringField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">required</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">year</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">me</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IntField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">rated</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">me</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StringField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">director</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">me</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StringField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">actors</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">me</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ListField</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If the document has nested fields, use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EmbeddedDocument</span></code> to
defined the fields of the embedded document and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EmbeddedDocumentField</span></code> to declare it on the parent document.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Imdb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">me</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">EmbeddedDocument</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">imdb_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">me</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">StringField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">rating</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">me</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">DecimalField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="n">votes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">me</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">IntField</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Movie</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">me</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Document</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="o">...</span>
<span class="n">imdb</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">me</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">EmbeddedDocumentField</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Imdb</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="creating-data">
<h2>Creating Data<a class="headerlink" href="#creating-data" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Instantiate your document class with keyword arguments for the fields.
You can also assign values to the field attributes after instantiation.
Then call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">doc.save()</span></code>.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">bttf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Movie</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Back To The Future&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">year</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1985</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">bttf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">actors</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;Michael J. Fox&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="s2">&quot;Christopher Lloyd&quot;</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">bttf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">imdb</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Imdb</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">imdb_id</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;tt0088763&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">rating</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">8.5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">bttf</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">save</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="queries">
<h2>Queries<a class="headerlink" href="#queries" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>Use the class <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">objects</span></code> attribute to make queries. A keyword argument
looks for an equal value on the field.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">bttf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Movie</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&quot;Back To The Future&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">get_or_404</span><span class="p">()</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Query operators may be used by concatenating them with the field name
using a double-underscore. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">objects</span></code>, and queries returned by
calling it, are iterable.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">some_theron_movie</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Movie</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">actors__in</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">&quot;Charlize Theron&quot;</span><span class="p">])</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">first</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">recents</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">Movie</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">objects</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">year__gte</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2017</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">recents</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">title</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="documentation">
<h2>Documentation<a class="headerlink" href="#documentation" title="Link to this heading"></a></h2>
<p>There are many more ways to define and query documents with MongoEngine.
For more information, check out the <a class="reference external" href="http://mongoengine.org">official documentation</a>.</p>
<p>Flask-MongoEngine adds helpful utilities on top of MongoEngine. Check
out their <a class="reference external" href="https://flask-mongoengine.readthedocs.io">documentation</a> as well.</p>
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<h3>Contents</h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">MongoDB with MongoEngine</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#configuration">Configuration</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#mapping-documents">Mapping Documents</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#creating-data">Creating Data</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#queries">Queries</a></li>
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