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<section id="request-content-checksums">
<h1>Request Content Checksums<a class="headerlink" href="#request-content-checksums" title="Link to this heading"></a></h1>
<p>Various pieces of code can consume the request data and preprocess it.
For instance JSON data ends up on the request object already read and
processed, form data ends up there as well but goes through a different
code path. This seems inconvenient when you want to calculate the
checksum of the incoming request data. This is necessary sometimes for
some APIs.</p>
<p>Fortunately this is however very simple to change by wrapping the input
stream.</p>
<p>The following example calculates the SHA1 checksum of the incoming data as
it gets read and stores it in the WSGI environment:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">hashlib</span>
<span class="k">class</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">ChecksumCalcStream</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">object</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="fm">__init__</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stream</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_stream</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">stream</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_hash</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">hashlib</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">sha1</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nb">bytes</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">rv</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_stream</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">read</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">bytes</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_hash</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rv</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">rv</span>
<span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">readline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size_hint</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">rv</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_stream</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">readline</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size_hint</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_hash</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rv</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">rv</span>
<span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">generate_checksum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">env</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">environ</span>
<span class="n">stream</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">ChecksumCalcStream</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">env</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;wsgi.input&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="n">env</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;wsgi.input&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">stream</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">stream</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_hash</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>To use this, all you need to do is to hook the calculating stream in
before the request starts consuming data. (Eg: be careful accessing
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">request.form</span></code> or anything of that nature. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">before_request_handlers</span></code>
for instance should be careful not to access it).</p>
<p>Example usage:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@app</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">route</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">&#39;/special-api&#39;</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">methods</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">&#39;POST&#39;</span><span class="p">])</span>
<span class="k">def</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">special_api</span><span class="p">():</span>
<span class="nb">hash</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">generate_checksum</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">request</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="c1"># Accessing this parses the input stream</span>
<span class="n">files</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">request</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">files</span>
<span class="c1"># At this point the hash is fully constructed.</span>
<span class="n">checksum</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">hash</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">hexdigest</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="sa">f</span><span class="s2">&quot;Hash was: </span><span class="si">{</span><span class="n">checksum</span><span class="si">}</span><span class="s2">&quot;</span>
</pre></div>
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